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   DealBook: Unbanking Russia
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   Goldman and JPMorgan are the first big U.S. banks to pull out of Russia.
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             March 11, 2022
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                  “None of us can fail to see this for what it is: the invasion of a sovereign state,” David Solomon, Goldman Sachs's C.E.O., told employees.
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            <h2 class="css-12n1aic el2acgh0" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
             Wall Street heads for the exit
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             Goldman Sachs yesterday became the first major global bank to say it was quitting Russia, followed shortly after by JPMorgan Chase. The Wall Street giants join a
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              growing list
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             of multinational companies that have pledged to stop doing business in Russia. “None of us can fail to see this for what it is: the invasion of a sovereign state,” David Solomon, Goldman’s C.E.O.,
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              wrote in a memo to employees.
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              Big U.S. banks had pulled back from Russia after its 2014 annexation of Crimea.
             </span>
             The only major U.S. bank that kept a significant presence is Citigroup, which has about 3,000 employees there and previously said it had nearly $10 billion in exposure to Russia. Citi said on Wednesday that it would “assess our operations in the country”; it had put its consumer division in Russia up for sale last year.
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              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               Goldman’s presence in Russia is small in relation to the $1.5 trillion bank’s global operations: Its total credit exposure was $650 million at the end of 2021. The bank has about 80 employees in Russia and is arranging for the departures of those who have asked to leave. (Some have
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                already moved to Dubai
               </a>
               .)
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               JPMorgan said it was “unwinding Russian business” and wouldn’t pursue new ventures there. The bank, which holds assets for some clients in the country, has more than 100 workers there, but the business was not big enough to rank among its top 20 markets.
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             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              Wall Street banks haven’t fully cut ties with Russia.
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             Goldman, for example, is
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              reportedly selling Russian debt to hedge funds
             </a>
             . Trading in secondary markets is allowed under U.S. sanctions. A Goldman spokesperson told NBC News that the bank is “not engaging in any new bond trades with Russian onshore entities.”
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             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              European banks are more enmeshed with Russia.
             </span>
             Deutsche Bank’s C.F.O., James von Moltke,
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              said yesterday
             </a>
             that it was not “practical” to close its Russia business: “We’re there to support our clients.” (The bank is
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              taking heat
             </a>
             for that stance today.) Deutsche added that Russia accounts for just 0.3 percent of its loan book. Other European lenders are
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              far more exposed
             </a>
             .
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             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              Asset managers are on the hook for huge writedowns.
             </span>
             BlackRock is sitting on $17 billion in losses on Russian securities held by its clients,
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              according to the Financial Times
             </a>
             . The
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              financial reverberations
             </a>
             from sanctions-induced turmoil could also hit financial firms without direct exposure to Russia, as volatility, inflation and other effects cast a cloud over global markets.
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             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              More on the Russia-Ukraine war:
             </span>
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              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               Other companies quitting Russia include the carmaker
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                Stellantis
               </a>
               and, in a reversal,
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                Uniqlo
               </a>
               . Meanwhile, Moscow is looking at
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                nationalizing the assets
               </a>
               of foreign companies that exit Russia.
              </span>
             </li>
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              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               Facebook and Instagram will allow users in certain countries to
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                call for violence
               </a>
               against Russian soldiers in the context of the war.
              </span>
             </li>
             <li class="css-11scvta e1y8brq21" style="line-height:27.5px;margin:0 0 10px 0">
              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               Why
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                China can’t save the Russian economy
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               .
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               For up-to-the-minute news, see The Times’s
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                live blog
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               and
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                updated maps
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               .
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            <h3 class="css-132hdgt e8bxl341" style="color:#000;font:700 16px/24px arial,sans-serif;margin:8px 0 25px 0;letter-spacing:.2px">
             HERE’S WHAT’S HAPPENING
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              Inflation sets a new four-decade high.
             </span>
             Prices
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              rose by 7.9 percent
             </a>
             in February, driven by rising costs of
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              food
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             , rent and
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              gas
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             . For now, Americans appear to agree with President Biden’s argument that
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              Vladimir Putin
             </a>
             bears significant blame.
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              Congress approves $1.5 trillion in new federal spending.
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             The Senate
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              cleared the bill
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             , which will increase spending on domestic programs, allocate nearly $14 billion in aid to Ukraine and avert a government shutdown.
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              U.S.-listed Chinese stocks tumble over delisting fears.
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             Shares in Chinese companies traded on Wall Street fell sharply after the
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              S.E.C. named five
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             that could be delisted unless they turn over audit information to American regulators.
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              Rivian shares drop after a disappointing delivery forecast.
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             The electric carmaker said it could make
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              only 25,000 vehicles
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             this year, citing supply chain problems. It is the latest challenge for Rivian, which has faced headwinds after a highly successful stock market debut in November.
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              The baseball lockout is over.
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             M.L.B. and the players’ union struck a
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              new collective bargaining agreement
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             that includes higher pay for younger players. That means opening day will be April 7.
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            <h2 class="css-12n1aic el2acgh0" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
             Trading Russia’s debt crisis
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             International sanctions are raising the possibility that Russia’s government, for the first time since the Bolsheviks disavowed the Czar’s debts in 1917, will default on a foreign bond. That presents another major test for the credit default swap, an insurance-like derivative that played a starring role in the 2008 financial crisis. Amid Russia’s financial turmoil, some warn that C.D.S. contracts could amplify losses and disrupt markets.
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             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              A quick primer on the C.D.S. market:
             </span>
             Credit default swaps are like insurance but for bonds. Unlike typical insurance, there are no underwriters, and prices are set by buyers and sellers. Buyers get protection for their bonds, and sellers get money upfront but are on the hook to pay if there is default. What’s more, in most C.D.S. markets the buyers don’t have to own the bonds to buy the insurance. Supporters say the swaps lower borrowing costs and hedge risks, but critics say they have created a market of side bets, multiplying losses in times of distress.
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             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              How much does Russia owe?
             </span>
             International investors hold roughly $20 billion in Russian government bonds. As of mid-February, the latest available data from the clearing house D.T.C.C., there was $40 billion in swaps tied to Russian debt.
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             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              What are the chances Russia could default?
             </span>
             Russia has $117 million in foreign-currency coupon payments due Wednesday, and if it misses that or future payments, there is a 30-day grace period before default is declared. As of last week, insurance on $100,000 of five-year Russian bonds cost about $45,000, ten times more than a month ago. “It looks almost inevitable they will have to miss a payment now given the restrictions,” Richard Briggs, an investment manager at GAM in London, told DealBook.
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             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              If Russia defaults, will the swaps pay out?
             </span>
             The $40 billion in insurance implied by C.D.S. contracts might not actually cover bondholders’ losses. Russia has suggested it may pay its foreign bondholders in rubles instead of dollars, which
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              could avoid triggering a default
             </a>
             , even though sanctions make it impossible for foreigners to handle rubles. Concerns that the contracts won’t pay out have “reduced significantly over the past few days,” Briggs said, “though it is still a risk.”
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            <h2 class="css-12n1aic el2acgh0" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
             “It is a lesson that if you don’t want a recession to have really long-lasting bad effects, you spend a bunch of money and you prevent it.”
            </h2>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-style:italic;font-size:inherit">
              — Louise Sheiner, an economist with the Brookings Institution, on the roughly $5 trillion in pandemic stimulus spending approved by Congress since 2020.
             </span>
             <span style="font-style:italic;font-size:inherit">
              <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
               Here is a snapshot
              </a>
             </span>
             <span style="font-style:italic;font-size:inherit">
              of where all the federal money has gone so far,
             </span>
             <span style="font-style:italic;font-size:inherit">
              <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
               and a report
              </a>
             </span>
             <span style="font-style:italic;font-size:inherit">
              on how cities and counties are debating how best to spend the windfall of relief funds.
             </span>
            </p>
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                <img class="css-17i7zb3 e1aggfhi0" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2022%252F03%252F11%252Fbusiness%252F11db-cryptopians%252F11db-cryptopians-articleLarge.png/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSJ9:1nUcMX:RAGwe57jRljrYm8E8FNe5Y0ugabu0T67HmUyM-AC3xs" style="width:83%;max-width:500px;display:inline-block;height:auto;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:0;line-height:0"/>
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                  PublicAffairs
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             Weekend Reading: The coder takeover
            </h2>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             On Wednesday, President Biden signed an
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              executive order
             </a>
             on regulating cryptocurrency, a signal that the technology is serious business. The crypto journalist Laura Shin — host of the podcast “Unchained” and author of
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              a new book
             </a>
             , “The Cryptopians: Idealism, Greed, Lies and the Making of the First Big Cryptocurrency Craze” — spoke to DealBook about what the future may hold. The interview has been edited and condensed.
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              What’s the significance of the executive order?
             </span>
            </p>
           </td>
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       <div style="margin:0 auto;max-width:600px;width:100%">
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             It shows that the highest levels of government recognize that the development of this technology is inevitable and that, for that reason, it’s important to have a coherent strategy for its adoption — because it will be adopted.
            </p>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              Is a coherent strategy possible given the rapid growth in crypto?
             </span>
            </p>
           </td>
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         </tbody>
        </table>
       </div>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             I do think that it will work out. The internet was similarly messy and similarly “Wild West” in the beginning, yet the internet is something we all use every day, and I think it’s going to be the same for blockchain and crypto over the next couple of decades.
            </p>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              How will we be using crypto and blockchain technology in the future?
             </span>
            </p>
           </td>
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       </div>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             We have so many ways of communicating with each other now. In the future, it’s going to be the same for financial transactions or digital objects we own. There will just be many more financial transactions between different people across the globe across multiple different platforms — the way that now we have lots of communication. We’ll be earning interest or investing on this or that platform and
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              voting in their DAOs
             </a>
             , participating in these different online communities and having our voices heard in this little democracy, whatever its mission.
            </p>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              What does this mean for business?
             </span>
            </p>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             My book demonstrates how power has shifted. It’s shifting further away from businesspeople, finance and Wall Street, to coders and developers and programmers. They have the power because they’re building things. It’s reflective of a much larger trend that’s been happening over decades, where Wall Street used to be the power center and recently it’s been Silicon Valley, and now Silicon Valley executives are jumping ship and going to crypto and a lot of the successful crypto people are in other parts of the world. There’s a decentralization of power.
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              So will this create a “cryptopia”?
             </span>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             People talk about blockchains as these trustless technologies, these machines. But my book explores
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              Ethereum’s history
             </a>
             and definitely shows the human drama, how egos and greed play a role and how there’s just a lot of opportunists in this space because it involves money and they see that they can get rich quickly. Despite all that, I actually think Ethereum has accomplished a lot. So despite all the “salacious details” I uncovered — as one of my readers put it — it doesn’t make me pessimistic or doubtful of Ethereum or crypto in general.
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             We hope you’ve enjoyed this newsletter, which is made possible through subscriber support.
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            <h3 class="css-132hdgt e8bxl341" style="color:#000;font:700 16px/24px arial,sans-serif;margin:8px 0 25px 0;letter-spacing:.2px">
             THE SPEED READ
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              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               Savage X Fenty, Rihanna’s lingerie company, is reportedly working with Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley on an I.P.O. that could value it at $3 billion. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                Bloomberg
               </a>
               )
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               Didi Global is said to have halted its plan to list in Hong Kong after failing a Chinese cybersecurity examination. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                Bloomberg
               </a>
               )
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               Private equity firms’ fortunes have soared as they have expanded beyond, well, private equity. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                NYT
               </a>
               )
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              Policy
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              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               Alphabet, Apple and Meta joined the list of companies that oppose Texas legislation that would treat gender-affirming medical treatment for transgender children as abuse. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                Axios
               </a>
               )
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              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               “Amazon’s Washington Strategy Wins Few New Friends in the Biden Era” (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                WSJ
               </a>
               )
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              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               British and E.U. antitrust officials will formally investigate an advertising deal between Google and Facebook. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                WSJ
               </a>
               )
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              Best of the rest
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              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               Microsoft reported a rise in carbon emissions, months after pledging to become carbon negative by 2030. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                NYT
               </a>
               )
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              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               Goldman Sachs is reportedly working with John Foley, Peloton’s co-founder, to restructure loans backed by his own shares in the at-home fitness company. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                Insider
               </a>
               )
              </span>
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             <li class="css-11scvta e1y8brq21" style="line-height:27.5px;margin:0 0 10px 0">
              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               “A Two-Year, 50-Million-Person Experiment in Changing How We Work” (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                NYT
               </a>
               )
              </span>
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             <li class="css-11scvta e1y8brq21" style="line-height:27.5px;margin:0 0 10px 0">
              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               Apple has challenged singer-songwriters, school districts and food blogs for trying to trademark names or logos featuring an apple — or a pear or pineapple. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                NYT
               </a>
               )
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             </li>
             <li class="css-11scvta e1y8brq21" style="line-height:27.5px;margin:0 0 10px 0">
              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               Elon Musk and Claire Boucher, his on-again off-again romantic partner who goes by the stage name Grimes, secretly had a second child together: Meet Y, sister of X. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                Vanity Fair
               </a>
               )
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              In the item about Russian sanctions in yesterday’s email, we incorrectly described the scrutiny that Eisler Capital is facing. Investors are reportedly posing questions, not authorities.
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