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               <td colspan="2" style="color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica', sans-serif; font-size: 1px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 120%; padding: 20px 0;">
                A handful of companies have pushed the boundaries of intellectual property law by laying claim to individual colors. But is it really possible to “own” a color?
               </td>
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                This edition of The Hustle was brought to you by
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                 Drip
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                ... know your customers like the back of your hand.
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                     The Hustle
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                    Issue #88
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                    Sunday, January 12, 2020
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                <h2 style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 120%; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 36px;">
                 <strong>
                  Can a corporation "own" a color?
                 </strong>
                </h2>
                <p style="color: #737373; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: italic; line-height: 120%; margin: 0; padding-bottom: 10px;">
                 A handful of companies have pushed the boundaries of intellectual property law by laying claim to individual colors. But is it really possible to “own” a color?
                </p>
                <p style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 120%; margin: 0; padding-bottom: 24px;">
                 <strong>
                  BY
                  <a style="color: #ed4d1f; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase;">
                   Zachary Crockett
                  </a>
                 </strong>
                </p>
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                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 On a summer day in 2019, Daniel Schreiber opened his mailbox to find a threatening letter from one of the world’s largest telecom companies.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 In the letter, Deutsche Telekom AG (the parent company of T-Mobile) accused Schreiber’s small insurance startup, Lemonade, of trademark infringement. Schreiber was confused: He hadn’t used T-Mobile’s name. He hadn’t appropriated the company’s logo or tagline. Hell, he wasn’t even in the cell phone business.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 But as he read on, he realized his “crime” was using the color
                 <strong>
                  magenta
                 </strong>
                 .
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 In recent years, companies like T-Mobile have achieved something once thought to be legally impossible: They’ve successfully trademarked individual colors.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 When a color becomes synonymous with a brand — think
                 <strong>
                  robin egg blue
                 </strong>
                 jewelry boxes,
                 <strong>
                  brown
                 </strong>
                 delivery trucks, or
                 <strong>
                  orange
                 </strong>
                 scissors — a company can claim a certain form of “ownership” over it.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 But how is it possible for a single corporation to call dibs on a color? And what effect does this exclusivity have on its competitors?
                </p>
                <h4 style="border-left-color: #ff5a41; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 6px; display: block; font-size: 18px; height: 100%; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 15px;">
                 <strong>
                  A colorful history
                 </strong>
                </h4>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Under the umbrella of intellectual property law, the 3 most common applications are the trademark, the copyright, and the patent.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 While corporations routinely file all of these, they use the trademark to (quite liberally) protect anything integral to their brand. Under
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  legal doctrine
                 </a>
                 , this might be “any word, name, symbol, or device [used to] identify and distinguish” a company’s good or service from its competitors.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 When a trademark is granted, it gives a company the exclusive right to use that intellectual property in its respective industries.
                </p>
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                 Note: Though trademarks are indefinite, they still need to be renewed every 10 years. (Zachary Crockett / The Hustle)
                </p>
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                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 For many years, a color did not, by itself, qualify as a trademark.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Though companies had successfully trademarked
                 <strong>
                  combinations
                 </strong>
                 of colors (e.g., Campbell’s soup labels), the US Patent and Trademark Office shot down attempts to trademark a
                 <strong>
                  single
                 </strong>
                 color. John Deere, for example, would not be permitted to lay claim to the color
                 <strong>
                  green
                 </strong>
                 in the farm equipment industry.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Scholars maintained several arguments against issuing single color trademarks:
                </p>
                <ol style="font-size: 16px;">
                 <li style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 4px 0;">
                  <strong>
                   Color depletion theory
                  </strong>
                  : Only around
                  <a style="color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                   1,867
                  </a>
                  solid Pantone colors exist; if brands all claim a color, we’ll eventually run out.
                 </li>
                 <li style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 4px 0;">
                  <strong>
                   Shade confusion theory:
                  </strong>
                  It would be hard for the consumer to determine the difference between slight shade variations of colors claimed by brands.
                 </li>
                </ol>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 But everything changed when this stuff came along:
                </p>
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                 <img alt="" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fthdaily.s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com%252Fpink2_20200112085829.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZ0aGRhaWx5LnMzLSJ9:1kXNJm:K_StMQUaq-FL9dJ_Eo4x2fEkuF1npPv0gAWo9ZfdVqs" style="height: auto; padding-top: 10px; width: 100%;"/>
                </a>
                <p style="color: #5f696c; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 5px 20px 25px;">
                 Owens-Corning fiberglass insulation in its trademark pink-dyed hue (Pixabay)
                </p>
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              <!-- START BODY TEXT -->
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               <td class="ignore-defaults brief-style" style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: .3px; line-height: 20px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 10px;">
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 That, dear readers, is a piece of fiberglass insulation (the stuff that goes behind our walls) from a company called Owens-Corning.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 In the late
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  1950s
                 </a>
                 , Owens-Corning was facing steep competition from other fiberglass insulation companies. At the time, all products were the same “naturally
                 <strong>
                  tan
                 </strong>
                 ” hue; to distinguish itself, Owens-Corning decided to infuse their product with dye.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 For the next 30 years, the company used its unique
                 <strong>
                  pink
                 </strong>
                 insulation as a marketing tool: It adopted the slogan “think pink,” used the Pink Panther as a mascot, and spent
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  tens of millions of dollars
                 </a>
                 advertising the color.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 In
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  1985
                 </a>
                 , after a 5-year legal battle, Owens-Corning became the first company in American history to successfully trademark a color.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Ten years later, a second company, Qualitex, went all the way to the
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  Supreme Court
                 </a>
                 to defend its right to trademark its signature
                 <strong>
                  green-gold
                 </strong>
                 dry cleaning pads. The court ruled that color could, indeed, serve to
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  identify
                 </a>
                 a brand — and in doing so, opened up the floodgates for companies to file their own color trademarks.
                </p>
                <h4 style="border-left-color: #ff5a41; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 6px; display: block; font-size: 18px; height: 100%; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 15px;">
                 <strong>
                  What does it take to trademark a color?
                 </strong>
                </h4>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 In the decades since that Supreme Court case, a number of companies have successfully trademarked single colors.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Tiffany &amp; Co. trademarked its famous
                 <strong>
                  blue
                 </strong>
                 in 1998 — the same year UPS trademarked its “
                 <strong>
                  Pullman Brown
                 </strong>
                 .” 3M secured its signature
                 <strong>
                  canary yellow
                 </strong>
                 color for its Post-it notes, Deutsche Telekom AG protected T-Mobile’s famous
                 <strong>
                  magenta
                 </strong>
                 , and Fiskars has one for
                 <strong>
                  orange
                 </strong>
                 scissor handles.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 There are even a few you wouldn’t expect: The Wiffle Ball, Inc. has a trademark on
                 <strong>
                  yellow
                 </strong>
                 for use in bats, and the estate of the late musician Prince currently has one
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  pending
                 </a>
                 for the color
                 <strong>
                  purple
                 </strong>
                 .
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 These trademarks aren’t exclusive to businesses, either. The University of Texas at Austin (
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  Pantone 159
                 </a>
                 ) and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  Pantone 542
                 </a>
                 ) both have protections on their school colors.
                </p>
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                <a style="color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                 <img alt="" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fthdaily.s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com%252Fcolors-final_20200112085910.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZ0aGRhaWx5LnMzLSJ9:1kXNJm:K_StMQUaq-FL9dJ_Eo4x2fEkuF1npPv0gAWo9ZfdVqs" style="height: auto; padding-top: 10px; width: 100%;"/>
                </a>
                <p style="color: #5f696c; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 5px 20px 25px;">
                 A few of these companies, like Cadbury, have since lost their color trademark in legal disputes (Zachary Crockett / The Hustle)
                </p>
               </td>
              </tr>
              <!-- START BODY TEXT -->
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               <td class="ignore-defaults brief-style" style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: .3px; line-height: 20px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 10px;">
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Plenty of brands trademark certain colors that might appear in conjunction with a logo (think, for instance, McDonald’s
                 <strong>
                  red
                 </strong>
                 and
                 <strong>
                  yellow
                 </strong>
                 , or Facebook’s
                 <strong>
                  blue
                 </strong>
                 ). But these companies have done something different and far rarer: They have trademarked literal swatches of color.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 “Usually a company does this when its business model relies, to some extent, on a particular color,” says Jeffrey Samuels, a professor emeritus at The University of Akron School of Law. “It will trademark a color to prevent other companies from using it.”
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 An important distinction, adds Samuels, is that a company with a color trademark only “owns” the color in connection to particular goods or services.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Take, for instance, the purple trademark from Prince’s estate, Paisley Park Enterprises. The trademarked image is the color purple alone — no words, no logos, no other form of branding. If granted, it will give them a claim to the color
                 <strong>
                  purple
                 </strong>
                 for use in live music venues. Purple alone, they claim, is enough to ID their brand.
                </p>
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                <a style="color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                 <img alt="" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fthdaily.s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com%252Fprince_20200112085941.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZ0aGRhaWx5LnMzLSJ9:1kXNJm:K_StMQUaq-FL9dJ_Eo4x2fEkuF1npPv0gAWo9ZfdVqs" style="height: auto; padding-top: 10px; width: 100%;"/>
                </a>
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                 A trademark filed by Paisley Park Enterprises seeks to secure a shade of purple (Pantone color “Love Symbol #2”) for use in musical performance (Justia)
                </p>
               </td>
              </tr>
              <!-- START BODY TEXT -->
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                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 To successfully secure such a trademark, a firm must
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  prove
                 </a>
                 that a single color:
                </p>
                <ul style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 0 0 30px; padding-bottom: 14px; padding-left: 12px;">
                 <li style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 4px 0;">
                  Achieves “
                  <a style="color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                   secondary meaning
                  </a>
                  ” (distinguishes a product from competitors and identifies the company as the definitive source of the product)
                 </li>
                 <li style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 4px 0;">
                  Doesn’t put competitors at a disadvantage by affecting cost or quality
                 </li>
                 <li style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 4px 0;">
                  Doesn’t serve a
                  <strong>
                   functional
                  </strong>
                  purpose
                 </li>
                </ul>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 This last piece, says IP lawyer Robert Zelnick, means that “a color really has to be quite arbitrary” to be trademarked: It can’t be essential to the production of the product or serve any utilitarian purpose.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Sometimes, proving all of his can be extremely challenging.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 General Mills, for instance, has
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  twice failed
                 </a>
                 to secure a
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  trademark
                 </a>
                 on
                 <strong>
                  yellow
                 </strong>
                 for its Cheerios box, on the grounds that the color isn’t synonymous with the brand since too many other cereal companies use it in their branding.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Pepto-Bismol’s attempts to
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  trademark
                 </a>
                 <strong>
                  pink
                 </strong>
                 were thwarted when a court deemed that the “therapeutic” effect the color had on customers was “functional.”
                </p>
                <h4 style="border-left-color: #ff5a41; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 6px; display: block; font-size: 18px; height: 100%; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 15px;">
                 <strong>
                  The color wars
                 </strong>
                </h4>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 As the CEO of Lemonade learned, companies that
                 <em>
                  are
                 </em>
                 granted color trademarks often go to great lengths to enforce them in court — and competitors often challenge their right to monopolize certain hues.
                </p>
               </td>
              </tr>
              <!-- END BODY TEXT -->
              <tr>
               <td>
                <a style="color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                 <img alt="" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fthdaily.s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com%252Flegere2_20200112090017.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZ0aGRhaWx5LnMzLSJ9:1kXNJm:K_StMQUaq-FL9dJ_Eo4x2fEkuF1npPv0gAWo9ZfdVqs" style="height: auto; padding-top: 10px; width: 100%;"/>
                </a>
                <p style="color: #5f696c; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 5px 20px 25px;">
                 TOP: T-Mobile CEO John Legere has gone above and beyond to embrace the brand’s magenta hue (Twitter); BOTTOM: A diagram of colors from the T-Mobile/Lemonade incident shows the variance in colors that brands claim to “own”
                </p>
               </td>
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              <!-- START BODY TEXT -->
              <tr>
               <td class="ignore-defaults brief-style" style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: .3px; line-height: 20px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 10px;">
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Over the years, these controversial trademarks have resulted in dozens of lawsuits relating to color “ownership:”
                </p>
                <ul style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 0 0 30px; padding-bottom: 14px; padding-left: 12px;">
                 <li style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 4px 0;">
                  In 2002,
                  <a style="color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                   Mattel
                  </a>
                  brought suit against MCA Records for, among other things, allowing the band Aqua to use its trademarked
                  <strong>
                   pink
                  </strong>
                  color on its album cover for the single, “Barbie Girl.” The judge famously advised both parties to “chill.”
                 </li>
                 <li style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 4px 0;">
                  In 2010,
                  <a style="color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                   Hershey
                  </a>
                  sued Mars for using
                  <strong>
                   orange
                  </strong>
                  on the packaging of a peanut butter candy bar. The suit was later dropped.
                 </li>
                 <li style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 4px 0;">
                  In 2011,
                  <a style="color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                   Louboutin
                  </a>
                  accused Yves Saint Laurent of infringing on its trademark
                  <strong>
                   red
                  </strong>
                  shoe soles and won.
                 </li>
                 <li style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 4px 0;">
                  In 2015, toolmaker
                  <a style="color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                   DeWalt
                  </a>
                  won a $54m judgment against a competitor that copied its
                  <strong>
                   black
                  </strong>
                  and
                  <strong>
                   yellow
                  </strong>
                  colors, though it was later tossed out on appeal.
                 </li>
                </ul>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 But one company has been
                 <em>
                  particularly
                 </em>
                 protective of its color trademark.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 T-Mobile’s parent company, Deutsche Telekom AG, has spent at least 12 years attempting to prevent competitors — some large, some small — from using
                 <strong>
                  magenta
                 </strong>
                 .
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Though its trademark covers only a specific variation of the color (
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  Pantone Rhodamine Red U
                 </a>
                 ), the company has expanded its definition of magenta to encompass a variety of surrounding hues. Since Deutsche Telekom has its hands in so many projects, it has also been able to defend its trademark in industries outside of telecommunications,
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  ranging
                 </a>
                 from fashion to healthcare.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 In 2008, it went after the rival European wireless carrier
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  Telia
                 </a>
                 . A few months later, it demanded that the tech blog
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  Engadget
                 </a>
                 drop magenta from its mobile logo. In 2014, a judge
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  ruled
                 </a>
                 that AT&amp;T subsidiary Aio Wireless couldn’t use
                 <strong>
                  magenta
                 </strong>
                 because it would confuse T-Mobile customers.
                </p>
               </td>
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                <a style="color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                 <img alt="" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fthdaily.s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com%252Fengadget_20200112090114.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZ0aGRhaWx5LnMzLSJ9:1kXNJm:K_StMQUaq-FL9dJ_Eo4x2fEkuF1npPv0gAWo9ZfdVqs" style="height: auto; padding-top: 10px; width: 100%;"/>
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                <p style="color: #5f696c; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 5px 20px 25px;">
                 A letter sent by T-Mobile’s parent company to Engadget, demanding that the blog stop using the color magenta in its logo (Engadget)
                </p>
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              <!-- START BODY TEXT -->
              <tr>
               <td class="ignore-defaults brief-style" style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: .3px; line-height: 20px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 10px;">
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Its latest victim, Lemonade, has complied with T-Mobile’s demand by changing the color of its marketing materials in Germany, where Deutsche Telekom AG is based. The company has also
                 <a style="-webkit-text-fill-color: #ff5a41; color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                  filed
                 </a>
                 a motion in Europe to “invalidate Deutsche Telekom’s
                 <strong>
                  magenta
                 </strong>
                 trademark.”
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Making changes like this can be costly — especially for bigger firms that spend tens of millions of dollars on marketing and branding strategies.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 But legal fees can also rack up for the companies that constantly trawl for color trademark violations, begging a question:
                </p>
                <h4 style="border-left-color: #ff5a41; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 6px; display: block; font-size: 18px; height: 100%; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 15px;">
                 <strong>
                  Is trademarking a color worth all the effort?
                 </strong>
                </h4>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 When a company files a trademark in black and white — say a simple logo — the trademark is actually protected in
                 <em>
                  all
                 </em>
                 color variations by default. Nobody can, say, take the McDonald’s
                 <strong>
                  red
                 </strong>
                 and
                 <strong>
                  yellow
                 </strong>
                 logo, make it
                 <strong>
                  purple
                 </strong>
                 and
                 <strong>
                  green
                 </strong>
                 , and claim it as his own.
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 So, why would a brand go through all the trouble of trademarking a color when they likely already have so many other protections?
                </p>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 “You only see brands do this when the color is critical to the brand, or sales, or the way the product is marketed,” says Zelnick, the IP lawyer.
                </p>
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                 <img alt="" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fthdaily.s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com%252Fpopular%2520colors_20200112090151.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZ0aGRhaWx5LnMzLSJ9:1kXNJm:K_StMQUaq-FL9dJ_Eo4x2fEkuF1npPv0gAWo9ZfdVqs" style="height: auto; padding-top: 10px; width: 100%;"/>
                </a>
                <p style="color: #5f696c; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 5px 20px 25px;">
                 Across all trademarks (including logos), blue is the color of choice (Zachary Crockett / The Hustle)
                </p>
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               <td class="ignore-defaults brief-style" style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: .3px; line-height: 20px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 10px;">
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 Most marketers are aware of the effect color has on consumer behavior. Surveys and studies have shown that:
                </p>
                <ul style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 0 0 30px; padding-bottom: 14px; padding-left: 12px;">
                 <li style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 4px 0;">
                  <a style="color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                   62%-90%
                  </a>
                  of a consumer’s initial judgment of a product is based on color.
                 </li>
                 <li style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 4px 0;">
                  <a style="color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                   52%
                  </a>
                  of consumers say the color of packaging is an indicator of quality.
                 </li>
                 <li style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 4px 0;">
                  Color increases brand recognition by up to
                  <a style="color: #ff5a41; text-decoration: none;">
                   80%
                  </a>
                  .
                 </li>
                </ul>
                <p style="margin-left: 24px;">
                 So, if you’re thinking about making your entire brand one solid color, go ahead and try your luck. Just don’t pick
                 <strong>
                  magenta
                 </strong>
                 .
                </p>
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                  First, the Ecommerce CRM tracks and gathers
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                       Bobby Durben
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