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   DealBook: ETFs gone wild
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             June 28, 2025
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          Good morning. Andrew here. This Saturday, we take a deep dive into a potentially major shift in the investing world. Ian Frisch, who has been writing about surprising trends in business for a decade, takes us into the $30 trillion question of whether mutual funds can also market themselves as E.T.F.s. Plus, Calum Marsh, a DealBook contributor who has reported extensively on fitness trends and wrote an upcoming book about the history of CrossFit, speaks with the C.E.O. of Hyrox, a global fitness craze that wants to become an established sport. (Was this newsletter forwarded to you?
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             Cathie Wood, the founder and C.E.O. of Ark Invest, is one of the many analysts who has packaged investment strategies as E.T.F.s.
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          A $30 trillion wrapper
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              By Ian Frisch
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          The modern market for exchange-traded funds has enabled retail investors to easily put money into basically anything.
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          That includes various cryptocurrencies ($IBIT and $ETH), the investment strategies of Congressional Democrats ($NANC), pet-care brands ($PAWZ), and private equity funds with exposure to Elon Musk’ s SpaceX ($XOVR) and OpenAI ($ARKVX).
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          Mutual funds wish they could say the same. But the Securities and Exchange Commission long ago built a firewall between those funds, which are typically accessible through private investment companies, and E.T.F.s, which trade on public exchanges like single stocks.
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              The New York Times
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          As E.T.F.s have taken off — growing to encompass over $10 trillion in the U.S. — firms that manage mutual funds have become increasingly unhappy about the forced divide. Without it, they could essentially “rewrap” the basket of assets in a mutual fund as an E.T.F. with greater flexibility and lower taxes.
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          Asset managers including Fidelity, Morgan Stanley, BlackRock, and Charles Schwab have spent years trying to subvert the firewall. And now they’re close to pulling it off — potentially changing how trillions of dollars are invested.
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          Institutional and retail traders flock to E.T.F.s for a handful of reasons:
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          accessibility (anyone with a brokerage account can buy the ticker), favorable tax structures (in-kind redemptions and lower capital-gains distributions), intraday trading (mutual funds trade only at the end of the day) and generally lower fees.
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          Mutual funds may sometimes still be a better choice — for, say, 401(k) contributions, because an investor can buy fractional shares.
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          But if asset managers were able to offer the same group of managed assets in both structures, investors could choose which best fit their circumstances. It would be like having a reversible T-shirt: yellow on one side and red on the other. It’s still the same shirt; you’re just choosing the way you want to wear it.
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Dimensional Fund Advisors has led the charge.
         </span>
         <span>
          When Gerard O’Reilly became its co-C.E.O. and co-C.I.O. in 2017, he made finding a way around the firewall between E.T.F.s and mutual funds a priority.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The difficulty: Only one firm had been given an exception to the S.E.C.’s rule — Vanguard, in 2000 — and it had patented the entire structure it used, effectively shutting out competitors from using the same strategy. O’Reilly didn’t think Dimensional could petition the S.E.C. to rewrite the law, but he did think it might have a shot petitioning for
         </span>
         <span style="font-style:italic">
          relief
         </span>
         <span>
          from the rules.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          After some back-and-forth with the S.E.C., Dimensional officially applied for exemptive relief in July 2023. (It helped, too, that Vanguard’s patent had expired by then.) Dozens of other heavy-hitting investment funds followed suit.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Two years later, Dimensional’s application is on the cusp of approval.
         </span>
         <span>
          “I have directed the commission staff to prioritize their careful review of the many applications filed for this relief, and I look forward to considering their recommendations,” Mark Uyeda said in March, when he was the acting chairman of the S.E.C.
         </span>
        </p>
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          A shift in regulation couldn’t come at a better time for mutual funds: According to Morningstar, 2024 was the third consecutive year of mutual fund outflows, whereas E.T.F.s experienced record inflows; E.T.F. market share, relative to mutual fund assets, has risen from 14 percent to 32 percent.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          If the Securities and Exchange Commission grants relief, actively managed mutual funds could maintain their investment strategies while gaining the structural benefits of E.T.F.s. (Dimensional began its stand-alone exchange-traded funds in 2020 after seeing mutual fund outflows; they now oversee roughly $200 billion in E.T.F. assets and have $786 billion under management, according to the firm.)
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          An increasing number of E.T.F.s are actively managed.
         </span>
         <span>
          While many exchange-traded funds, such as $SPY, passively track an index, actively-managed funds, where the basket of stocks tracked by an E.T.F. changes according to an investment strategy, have gained in popularity.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Assets in active E.T.F. products have risen from $171 billion in 2020 to $866 billion in 2024, according to the asset and wealth management research firm Cerulli Associates.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          As of June 2025, active E.T.F.s now account for
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          more than half
         </a>
         <span>
          of all exchange-traded funds.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The frenzy for, and public awareness of, E.T.F.s has prompted some well-known analysts, like Cathie Wood and Dan Ives, to lend their name to a thematic bundle of stocks. Ives recently introduced his namesake AI Revolution ETF, which trades under the ticker — you guessed it —$IVES; it amassed $270 million assets under management in its first 16 days of trading.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The analyst-as-a-brand trend has boomed, so much so that President Trump’s media company, Trump Media &amp; Technology Group Corp., has announced plans to launch a series of E.T.F.s.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          If all goes to plan with the S.E.C., the market will see many, many more.
         </span>
         <span>
          Relief applicants and industry insiders hope to receive an answer soon. “I have a high level of optimism that before the end of the year, we’ll have the exemptive relief,” Dimensional’s O’Reilly said.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          More than 60 asset managers have petitioned for exemptive relief and, based on the S.E.C.’s recommendation, many of them have amended their applications to mimic Dimensional’s. Once relief is granted, however, it could take months for new offerings to be available to investors.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Still, O’Reilly sees the S.E.C.’s willingness to provide relief under the current rules as a watershed moment in asset management and investing writ large.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          ”There’s about $10 trillion in assets in E.T.F.s in the U.S. and there’s over $20 trillion in assets in mutual funds in the U.S.,” said O’Reilly. “What this rule means is that those two pots of assets don’t have to play apart anymore. They can play it together.”
         </span>
        </p>
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           <h3 style="color:#000;font:700 17px/25px arial,sans-serif;margin:5px 0 30px 0;letter-spacing:.2px">
            <span>
             IN CASE YOU MISSED IT
            </span>
           </h3>
          </td>
         </tbody>
        </table>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Business leaders scramble to stop Zohran Mamdani.
         </span>
         <span>
          The likely winner of New York’s
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          Democratic primary for mayor
         </a>
         <span>
          campaigned on raising the corporate tax rate and income taxes for millionaires. Executives who backed his main opponent, Andrew Cuomo, have been weighing whether to throw support behind the incumbent mayor, Eric Adams, or another independent candidate.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Trump said the U.S. is ending trade talks with Canada.
         </span>
         <span>
          The president said the U.S. would
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          increase tariffs
         </a>
         <span>
          on its North American neighbor because of its 3 percent digital service tax.
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
         </span>
         <span>
          On Thursday, the Trump administration told Republicans to drop a proposed “
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          revenge tax
         </a>
         <span>
          ” that would punish companies based in countries that try to collect new taxes from American firms.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          OpenAI has ambitions for self-driving cars.
         </span>
         <span>
          Sam Altman, the start-up’s C.E.O., said on a podcast last week that OpenAI has technology that could “
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          do self-driving for standard cars
         </a>
         <span>
          .” Also in autonomous cars this week: Uber may
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          help finance
         </a>
         <span>
          its founder Travis Kalanick’s bid to buy the U.S. operations of Pony.ai, a Chinese autonomous vehicle company.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Saks faces a debt deadline.
         </span>
         <span>
          A $120 million interest payment tied to financing for its $2.7 billion deal to buy Neiman Marcus is
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          due on Monday
         </a>
         <span>
          . Amid headwinds for retailers and concerns about Saks’s liquidity, some investors have expressed doubts that Saks would make the payment, but a person close to the company told DealBook that the company would meet the Monday deadline.
         </span>
        </p>
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         </tbody>
        </table>
        <h2 class="css-10nzuqq" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          The C.E.O. building a fitness craze into a sport
         </span>
        </h2>
        <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%">
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           <td style="text-align:center">
            <img alt="" class="css-xsf469" height="644" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2025%252F06%252F27%252Fbusiness%252F27DB-HYROX%252F27DB-HYROX-jumbo.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3NTExMTIwNzUuMDY1Nzk5NX0:1uVUF9:TzvYdwulpo2sherOUBIM9PJ0486g3ZTYj600bszEmhw" style="display:inline-block;width:83%;max-width:500px;height:auto;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:0;line-height:0" width="500"/>
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           <td style="text-align:center;width:100%;padding-top:6px;padding-bottom:20px;line-height:12px">
            <span class="css-1wuwhda" style="width:83%;max-width:500px;display:inline-block;text-align:left">
             <span class="css-1hnedf7" style="color:#666;font:normal 12px georgia,serif">
              Christian Toetzke is a co-founder and the chief executive of Hyrox.
             </span>
             <span style="margin:0;font:11px/11px georgia,serif;color:#888;letter-spacing:.01em;padding-left:5px">
              Hyrox
             </span>
            </span>
           </td>
          </tr>
         </tbody>
        </table>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Combine the workouts of CrossFit — think lunges, rowing, burpees — with the event format of a Spartan Race or Tough Mudder, and you’ll get something like Hyrox, a fitness race with a quickly growing and rabid fan base.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The competition, which was founded in Germany in 2017, hosts events that span the globe and expects to see 1.5 million participants this year.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Now its founders, Moritz Fürste and Christian Toetzke, are working to turn the enthusiasm for their grueling race (tickets to compete were going for an average of $185 in New York this summer) into a broader business, and — they hope — an established sport, complete with year-round training and pro leagues.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Ahead of Hyrox’s 8th season, which starts July 1, Calum Marsh, a DealBook contributor who regularly covers the fitness space, talked with Toetzke about how it’s approaching the challenge.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          You’ve been making competitions longer to accommodate more participants. In Paris, the event was five days long this year. Is your growth limited by the logistics?
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          We were always worried about if we had too many days, and then we realized: people actually love to race no matter how long. There will be events next season that will be nine days long. So they become more like a festival.
         </span>
        </p>
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            <img alt="" class="css-xsf469" height="375" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2025%252F06%252F27%252Fbusiness%252F27DB-hyrox3%252F27DB-hyrox3-jumbo.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3NTExMTIwNzUuMDY1OTA5fQ:1uVUF9:ES2plLxMWZZpV83DSUhkelO4HCwuKWK1C-qAwcpZlcM" style="display:inline-block;width:83%;max-width:500px;height:auto;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:0;line-height:0" width="500"/>
           </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
           <td style="text-align:center;width:100%;padding-top:3px;padding-bottom:20px;line-height:12px">
            <span class="css-1wuwhda" style="width:83%;max-width:500px;display:inline-block;text-align:right">
             <span style="margin:0;font:11px/11px georgia,serif;color:#888;letter-spacing:.01em;padding-left:0">
              Maria Sturm for The New York Times
             </span>
            </span>
           </td>
          </tr>
         </tbody>
        </table>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Last time we spoke, in 2024, there were, I think, 2,500 affiliate gyms. How many are there now?
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          I think we’re at 8,500.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Are affiliate fees as much of a revenue stream for you as the events, or is it kind of ancillary to the event promotion?
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          It’s not comparable to the event business right now, but we think it will be very important. We believe that Hyrox training makes sense for everyone — even for people who are not signing up for the events.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          I get a lot of emails advertising, you know, the official whatever: the official fish oil of Hyrox or the official toothpaste of Hyrox. Is having a robust brand partnership ecosystem a big part of the business?
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Yes, we have very strong partnerships. Like, Puma, for instance, which is the biggest part of our branded product line. I have to say, though, that a lot of unauthorized brands are going out and putting out stuff. We have to send a lot of cease-and-desist letters.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          You recently announced
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          a partnership
         </a>
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          to launch an e-commerce store. Is that partly a way of transitioning people out if they, say, get sick of running a race once or twice a year — a way to keep them in the ecosystem?
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          We want it to be more than just a competition — we want to be a sport, and maybe even more than just a sport. Actually, a lifestyle.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          I don’t think people really get bored of the events, either.
         </span>
        </p>
        <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%">
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          There’s a big goal for us to make this a spectator sport that also works for television. People like to do their own races, but they also like to watch the best human beings doing the same stuff.
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          At the moment, we want to keep it free and stream it to reach the most eyeballs. We think we need probably one more year. Television itself is changing very quickly, moving from linear television to streaming. It’s not like it was 10 years ago.
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          B. 41 percent, to $331 billion
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          C. 104 percent, to $479.4 billion
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