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  <title>
   What to Read: Benjie de la Peña is appreciating informal transportation
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  <div class="preview" style="display:none;font-size:1px;color:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;">
   We interviewed Benjie de la Peña, who writes Makeshift Mobility, a publication that celebrates the world's homegrown transportation systems.  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌
  </div>
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          What to Read: Benjie de la Peña is appreciating informal transportation
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           <time datetime="2022-03-04T16:26:29.744Z">
            Mar 4
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         <em>
          This week, we interviewed
         </em>
         <em>
          <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline;">
           Benjie de la Peña
          </a>
          , who writes
          <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline;">
           Makeshift Mobility
          </a>
          , a publication that celebrates the world’s unofficial yet essential transportation systems.
         </em>
        </p>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         <em>
          This interview has been lightly edited for length and clarity.
         </em>
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          <figcaption class="image-caption" style="color: #767676; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: center;">
           Benjie de la Peña
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              <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: none;">
               Makeshift Mobility
              </a>
             </h3>
             <div class="embedded-publication-hero-text" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 8px;">
              <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: none;">
               Tracking innovations in informal transportation.
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              <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #767676; text-decoration: none;">
               By Benjie de la Peña
              </a>
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        <h3 style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size: 1.375em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0 0.625em 0;">
         <strong>
          What’s your publication about in one sentence?
         </strong>
        </h3>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         It’s about the homegrown transportation systems that collectively move billions of people and employ millions more worldwide.
        </p>
        <h3 style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size: 1.375em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0 0.625em 0;">
         <strong>
          What inspired your interest in informal transportation?
         </strong>
        </h3>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         I’m an urban planner and a transport geek. I’m also very keen on complex systems, fascinated with how they work, and I seek out the elements that exclude people and drive inequality in these systems.
        </p>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         Nearly a decade ago, while working for the Rockefeller Foundation, I led a short exploration that looked at
         <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline;">
          the future of informality in cities
         </a>
         . Informal settlements, informal employment, the informal sector, and informal transportation are dynamic systems ubiquitous in our cities, particularly in the
         <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline;">
          Global South
         </a>
         . They are often looked down upon or ignored. They are seen as backward or anti-modern and never part of the modern (read: Western) urban imagination. And yet they are the reality for the vast majority of the world. I also wrote
         <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline;">
          a primer on innovations in informal transportation
         </a>
         .
        </p>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         I started looking at these systems as more than transportation. I grew up in Metro Manila, where the jeepney was considered “the King of the Road.” I traveled around the world and saw the same thing happening everywhere. Informal transportation seems to be an emergent, self-organizing phenomenon.
        </p>
        <div class="captioned-image-container-static" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 16px; text-align: center;">
         <figure style="display: inline-block; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%;">
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             <td style="text-align: center;">
             </td>
             <td align="left" class="content" style="text-align: center;" width="1024">
              <a class="image-link" rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="align-items: center; border: none; display: block; flex-direction: column; height: auto; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: none; width: auto;" target="_blank">
               <img alt="" class="wide-image" data-attrs='{"src":"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/94feaca3-8b56-4e0d-8c65-dd6255cebd30_1024x687.jpeg","fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":687,"width":1024,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":256692,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null}' height="368.994140625" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fcdn.substack.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252Fw_2048%252Cc_limit%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F94feaca3-8b56-4e0d-8c65-dd6255cebd30_1024x687.jpeg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZjZG4uc3Vic3RhYyJ9:1nUZsG:0jbKF-ay63k3NSY5jl0sNYK7ErPaJnu7vjQPY6ZdZw0" style="-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic; border: none !important; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0 auto; margin-bottom: 0; max-width: 100% !important; vertical-align: middle; width: auto !important;" width="550"/>
              </a>
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           </tbody>
          </table>
          <figcaption class="image-caption" style="color: #767676; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: center;">
           Jeepneys of the Philippines (photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma via Getty Images)
          </figcaption>
         </figure>
        </div>
        <h3 style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size: 1.375em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0 0.625em 0;">
         <strong>
          Who is your ideal audience, and what are you hoping readers get out of your publication?
         </strong>
        </h3>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         I’m trying to reach thought leaders in transportation to open their eyes to informal transportation:
         <em>
          tuktuks, boda bodas, matatus, jeepneys, colectivos, gbakas, ojeks, autorickshaws
         </em>
         ,
         <em>
          minibus taxis
         </em>
         ,
         <em>
          mikrolets
         </em>
         , etc. I want transportation planners and policymakers to see these as assets rather than problems. I want them to be curious, to appreciate the many layers of these systems. I want to shake them from their modernistic assumptions of what transportation is supposed to look like and how it’s supposed to work.
        </p>
        <h3 style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size: 1.375em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0 0.625em 0;">
         <strong>
          What themes do you see come up again and again when writing about this topic?
         </strong>
        </h3>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         I don’t want to romanticize informal transportation; these systems have many problems. But I don’t want us to dismiss or discount these systems, either. I want us to understand how they work. I particularly want us to understand the other aspects of these systems that are often ignored in urban and transportation planning, such as the elements of
         <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline;">
          art, culture, and ornamentation
         </a>
         .
        </p>
        <div class="captioned-image-container-static" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 16px; text-align: center;">
         <figure style="display: inline-block; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%;">
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             <td style="text-align: center;">
             </td>
             <td align="left" class="content" style="text-align: center;" width="1024">
              <a class="image-link" rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="align-items: center; border: none; display: block; flex-direction: column; height: auto; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: none; width: auto;" target="_blank">
               <img alt="" class="wide-image" data-attrs='{"src":"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7b829d9f-c394-4021-aabc-4b55163ca46f_1024x766.jpeg","fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":766,"width":1024,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":189096,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null}' height="411.42578125" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fcdn.substack.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252Fw_2048%252Cc_limit%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F7b829d9f-c394-4021-aabc-4b55163ca46f_1024x766.jpeg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZjZG4uc3Vic3RhYyJ9:1nUZsG:0jbKF-ay63k3NSY5jl0sNYK7ErPaJnu7vjQPY6ZdZw0" style="-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic; border: none !important; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0 auto; margin-bottom: 0; max-width: 100% !important; vertical-align: middle; width: auto !important;" width="550"/>
              </a>
             </td>
             <td style="text-align: center;">
             </td>
            </tr>
           </tbody>
          </table>
          <figcaption class="image-caption" style="color: #767676; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: center;">
           An artist decorates a matatu in a suburb of Nairobi (photo by Tony Karumba/AFP via Getty Images)
          </figcaption>
         </figure>
        </div>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         I was always fascinated by the ornamentation and the pop culture that was the aura of the jeepney. The same desire for ornamentation was in matatus in East Africa, in the extravagantly decorated buses of Pakistan, in the colectivos of Central America. The makeshift systems that worked for ordinary people along with disdain from “modern transportation planning.”
        </p>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         (The Philippines has a program to “modernize” the jeepney. And yes, the system has problems, but one of the things we’re losing is the self-expression and artistry that was present in traditional jeepneys.)
        </p>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         In nearly every city I’ve looked at, there are songs and poems about the local informal transportation mode. Jeepneys are mentioned in pop songs in the Philippines, the
         <em>
          angkots
         </em>
         in pop songs in Indonesia, the
         <em>
          marshrutkas
         </em>
         in pop songs in Ukraine and other parts of Eastern Europe.
         <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline;">
          A pop song saved the gbaka in Abidjan
         </a>
         . In Nairobi, there are DJs who built their audience and careers from making playlists and mixtapes for matatus. Reggaeton supposedly emerged from the
         <em>
          chicken buses
         </em>
         of Guatemala. These systems are carriers of culture.
        </p>
        <h3 style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size: 1.375em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0 0.625em 0;">
         <strong>
          What’s the most surprising discovery or realization you’ve had while writing about this?
         </strong>
        </h3>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         That informal transportation preceded formal transportation. People have always needed rides, and so the first horse-drawn carts started selling rides way before any municipal rules or agencies came about to manage transportation services. In my spheres of transportation and urban planning, informality is often seen as a failure of formal systems. But how can they be failures when they preceded formal systems?
        </p>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         Our names for informal transportation also fascinate me. I’ve written about
         <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline;">
          how “informal transportation” is a problematic, inadequate term
         </a>
         . I was just in an international (virtual) workshop today, and one of the moderators said he always had a hard time explaining what informal transportation was to his audiences. I agreed but said that when we say “jeepney” to a Filipino audience, or “okada” to a Nigerian audience, they knew exactly what we were talking about. So names matter and context matters.
        </p>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         By the way, did you know that the term “jitney” came from the U.S.? It was slang for nickel, which came from the French
         <em>
          jeton
         </em>
         , or token.
         <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline;">
          In the early 20th century, there were jitneys all over U.S. cities
         </a>
         . You paid a nickel for a ride.
        </p>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         And the theme comes up over and over everywhere else. You call some buses in Latin America “peseros” because it (used to) cost a peso to ride. Matatu is short for
         <em>
          mapeni matatu
         </em>
         , or 30 cents.
        </p>
        <div class="captioned-image-container-static" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 16px; text-align: center;">
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             <td style="text-align: center;">
             </td>
             <td align="left" class="content" style="text-align: center;" width="1024">
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              </a>
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           </tbody>
          </table>
          <figcaption class="image-caption" style="color: #767676; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: center;">
           Decorated bus in Islamabad, Pakistan (photo by Tim Graham/Getty Images)
          </figcaption>
         </figure>
        </div>
        <h3 style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size: 1.375em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0 0.625em 0;">
         <strong>
          Do you have a favorite example of informal transportation?
         </strong>
        </h3>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         I like them all, but if I had to pick, it would be the
         <em>
          <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline;">
           safa tempos
          </a>
         </em>
         , which are the three-wheeled, electric informal transport in Nepal. These electric vehicles were on the road in the early 1990s, way before EVs became a thing. Their
         <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline;">
          origin story also had to do with geopolitics
         </a>
         , and their rollout helped women break into driving for transportation services in Nepal.
        </p>
        <h3 style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size: 1.375em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0 0.625em 0;">
         <strong>
          Who’s another Substack writer you’d recommend?
         </strong>
        </h3>
        <p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">
         Bryan Boyer’s
         <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline;">
          Urban Technology at University of Michigan
         </a>
         is always thought-provoking about how technology intersects with cities. Also thought-provoking, but from a different angle, is Rabbi Danya Ruttenberg’s
         <a rel="nofollow ugc noopener" style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline;">
          Life is a Sacred Text
         </a>
         . I’m not Jewish, but I love Rabbi Ruttenberg’s insights.
        </p>
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