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   DealBook: The “3 percent” solution
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   Also, reasons to stay anxious about tariffs.
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             May 29, 2025
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          Good morning. Andrew here. There’s lots of news to unpack. A major court ruling against President Trump’s tariff efforts could upend one of his biggest policy moves and bolster trade partners’ leverage in negotiations.
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          Meanwhile, a fascinating report about Elon Musk’s attempt to use his influence in the White House against OpenAI and benefit xAI is raising new questions. (Remember that at last year’s DealBook Summit, Sam Altman told me, “It would be profoundly un-American to use political power to the degree that Elon would hurt competitors and advantage his own businesses.”)
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          But we start today with a unique idea that is quietly making its way around Washington by way of Ray Dalio, with whom I’ve been emailing about it. More below. (Was this newsletter forwarded to you?
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          Sign up here.
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          )
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             Advance copies of Ray Dalio’s new book about how countries go broke have become a hot read in Washington.
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        <h2 class="css-10nzuqq" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          Ray Dalio’s fix
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Ray Dalio calls it the “3 percent solution,” and it’s gaining attention with White House officials and senior Republicans as a potential fix to America’s fiscal woes even as the party pushes ahead with
         </span>
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          a mega spending bill
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          that’s roiling the bond markets.
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          For the past couple of weeks, advance copies of Dalio’s forthcoming book, “How Countries Go Broke: The Big Cycle” — and Dalio himself — have been making the rounds with policymakers in Washington and investors in New York.
         </span>
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The hedge fund mogul has been warning for some time that America’s soaring deficits risk economic calamity, and Dalio recently met with the chairman of the House Budget Committee, Representative Jodey Arrington of Texas, and its members.
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          What’s the solution?
         </span>
         <span>
          It aims to bring the annual deficit-to-G.D.P. ratio down to 3 percent, from around 7 percent. According to Dalio, this can be accomplished only by pulling “three levers” — cutting spending, raising tax revenue, and the corresponding lowering of interest rates.
         </span>
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          “The 3 percent solution is very practical,” he told me by email. “It has worked many times in many places, most recently in the U.S. from 1991 to 1998.”
         </span>
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         <span>
          Dalio argues the interest rates lever is the most consequential.
         </span>
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          The problem: Everyday interest rates are tied to the budget.
         </span>
         <span>
          We’re seeing that connection play out in real-time. The bond market has started charging a higher interest rate to buy U.S. government debt as confidence in the government’s fiscal discipline sours.
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         <span>
          If Congress can get serious, Dalio argues, it will send a huge signal to the markets. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent had made a similar argument. But he has recently gone quieter on that message as the bill, which is expected to
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          add significantly to the deficit
         </a>
         <span>
          over the next decade, advanced through the House.
         </span>
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          A fiscally responsible budget would ease volatility in the bond market. Any economic slowdown caused by reduced spending could be offset by lower interest rates, which is what a heavily indebted nation needs most.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          The challenge:
         </span>
         <span>
          All three levers need to work in tandem. Both parties have shown little interest in meaningfully cutting spending. Raising taxes, too, is a nonstarter. The upshot is a stalemate in Washington and higher interest rates.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          “All the political decision makers on both sides of the aisle that I spoke with agree that we are likely headed for a terrible outcome if the deficit isn’t cut down to about 3 percent of G.D.P.,” Dalio continued. “So I feel it’s like being on a boat headed for the rocks in which everyone agrees that we will crash if we don’t change our course, but they’re too hung up arguing which way to turn.”
         </span>
        </p>
        <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%">
         <tbody>
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           <td height="10">
           </td>
          </tr>
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           <td style="border-top:1px solid #dcdcdc;padding-top:15px">
           </td>
          </tr>
          <tr aria-hidden="true">
           <td>
            <div style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:0">
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              <tbody>
               <tr>
                <td style="line-height:0;font-size:0">
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           <td style="padding-bottom:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #dcdcdc">
           </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
           <td height="20">
           </td>
          </tr>
         </tbody>
        </table>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The question is, even if he is right — which he probably is — what would actually push lawmakers to act and avoid the rocks?
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          “The forcing mechanism will likely be a debt crisis and all that goes with it,” he wrote.
         </span>
        </p>
        <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%">
         <tbody>
          <tr>
           <td height="30">
           </td>
          </tr>
          <td style="padding:0;font-size:0;border-top:8px solid #000">
           <h3 style="color:#000;font:700 17px/25px arial,sans-serif;margin:5px 0 30px 0;letter-spacing:.2px">
            <span>
             HERE’S WHAT’S HAPPENING
            </span>
           </h3>
          </td>
         </tbody>
        </table>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Nvidia beats financial expectations despite limits on Chinese exports.
         </span>
         <span>
          Shares in the chipmaker are up 6 percent in premarket trading after it reported a
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          69 percent jump in quarterly revenue
         </a>
         <span>
          , to $44.1 billion. But Jensen Huang, Nvidia’s C.E.O., warned that restrictions on sales to China would hurt America’s global tech dominance.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          JetBlue and United form an alliance.
         </span>
         <span>
          The airlines
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          announced a deal
         </a>
         <span>
          in which customers can earn frequent flier miles on each other’s flights. The partnership will allow United to return to Kennedy International Airport amid continuing troubles at its New York-area hub at Newark Liberty International Airport, and perhaps more important allows the two to collaborate without having to strike a merger or deeper alliance.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          The Trump administration seeks to revoke visas for Chinese students.
         </span>
         <span>
          Secretary of State Marco Rubio said officials would
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          “aggressively” crack down
         </a>
         <span>
          on existing visas, especially for those studying unnamed “critical fields,” and step up scrutiny of future applicants from China. The administration has already halted interviews for student visa applicants. Separately, President Trump suggested a
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          cap on international students
         </a>
         <span>
          enrolling at Harvard.
         </span>
        </p>
        <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%">
         <tbody>
          <tr>
           <td height="10">
           </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
           <td height="8" style="background-color:#000;font-size:0;line-height:0" width="100%">
           </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
           <td height="20">
           </td>
          </tr>
         </tbody>
        </table>
        <h2 class="css-10nzuqq" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          Why tariffs uncertainty is far from over
         </span>
        </h2>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Global markets are rallying this morning as investors cheer a big blow to President Trump’s trade fight — even if economists warn that it hardly removes all of the risks.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The dollar and S&amp;P 500 futures are up after the U.S. Court of International Trade ruled unanimously that many of Trump’s biggest tariffs — primarily those imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act —
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          are illegal
         </a>
         <span>
          and gave the administration up to 10 days to wrap up the paperwork needed to end them. That particular law, the
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          court ruled
         </a>
         <span>
          , “does not authorize the president to impose unbounded tariffs.”
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The administration sharply criticized the ruling and vowed to appeal it; the matter could end up being decided by the Supreme Court.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Here’s what was struck down:
         </span>
        </p>
        <div style="margin:0 auto;max-width:600px;width:100%">
         <table>
          <tbody>
           <tr>
            <td style="padding:0 0 5px">
             <ul class="css-1dtd48z" style="color:#000;font:20px georgia,serif;text-align:left;padding-left:50px;list-style-type:square;margin-bottom:10px">
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                The so-called Liberation Day “reciprocal tariffs,” most of which Trump had paused until July 9
               </span>
              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                The 10 percent base line levies
               </span>
              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Most duties of 25 percent on Canadian and Mexican imports, and an additional 20 percent charge on Chinese goods
               </span>
              </li>
             </ul>
            </td>
           </tr>
          </tbody>
         </table>
        </div>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          And some experts say the government
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          may have to reimburse companies
         </a>
         <span>
          that have had to pay tariff duties on the above.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          What wasn’t:
         </span>
        </p>
        <div style="margin:0 auto;max-width:600px;width:100%">
         <table>
          <tbody>
           <tr>
            <td style="padding:0 0 5px">
             <ul class="css-1dtd48z" style="color:#000;font:20px georgia,serif;text-align:left;padding-left:50px;list-style-type:square;margin-bottom:10px">
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Tariffs on steel, aluminum and car parts
               </span>
              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Pending
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                levies on pharmaceutical imports
               </a>
              </li>
             </ul>
            </td>
           </tr>
          </tbody>
         </table>
        </div>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          The ruling throws trade negotiations with other countries into limbo.
         </span>
         <span>
          Why should anyone offer Washington
         </span>
         <span style="font-style:italic">
          any
         </span>
         <span>
          concessions until this is resolved?
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Investors view this as good news.
         </span>
         <span>
          Companies with big tariffs exposure — including Adidas, Puma and Stellantis — rose sharply this morning.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          In fact, stocks have rallied in recent weeks on investors’ belief that the worst of the trade war is over.
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
         </span>
         <span>
          A lower overall tariff rate will be better for corporate profits, kick-start hiring and investment and could persuade the Fed to lower interest rates. Wall Street has
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          lowered the odds of a recession
         </a>
         <span>
          since Trump began pausing and rolling back some of his levies.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Is it too soon to celebrate?
         </span>
         <span>
          “The Trump administration has other authorities it can use to impose tariffs similar to those the court struck down,” Alec Phillips, a political economist at Goldman Sachs, wrote in a research note last night. They include reclassifying the levies under different trade laws, such as by using Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, which underpins the levies on steel, aluminum and auto imports that remain in place.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          There’s plenty at stake: The ruling potentially deprives the government of about $200 billion in annual tariffs revenues, he estimates.
         </span>
        </p>
        <table width="100%">
         <tbody>
          <tr>
           <td class="css-36ugzx" style="padding-bottom:15px">
           </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
           <td style="border-top:1px solid #dcdcdc;padding-bottom:15px">
           </td>
          </tr>
         </tbody>
        </table>
        <h2 class="css-10nzuqq" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          The Musk-Trump situationship
         </span>
        </h2>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Elon Musk
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          is ending his formal work
         </a>
         <span>
          as President Trump’s chief cost-cutter, seemingly driven by frustration with Washington gridlock and pressure from investors to refocus on the companies that made his fortune.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          But we don’t knowhow big any Musk-Trump rift is. And Musk will still need to retain some influence in the Trump administration to help out his businesses.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Musk is stepping back from Washington and politics to some degree.
         </span>
         <span>
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          He noted on X
         </a>
         <span>
          last night that “my scheduled time as a Special Government Employee” was coming to an end.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          That’s after he publicly
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          criticized Republicans’ budget bill
         </a>
         <span>
          , which Trump has championed. And Musk told Ars Technica, “I think I probably did
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          spend a bit too much time
         </a>
         <span>
          on politics.”
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          But Musk’s influence in Washington appears shakier.
         </span>
         <span>
          Trump has pressed ahead with tariffs despite Musk
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          pushing back publicly
         </a>
         <span>
          , if gingerly.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          And while he said that his Department of Government Efficiency team’s approach has become “a way of life throughout the government,” Musk has acknowledged that the initiative has faced “
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          an uphill battle
         </a>
         <span>
          .”
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Trump’s recent trip to the Middle East underscores that reality.
         </span>
         <span>
          Musk had sought to
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          derail a big A.I. data center deal
         </a>
         <span>
          struck by one of his archrivals, Sam Altman of OpenAI. The Wall Street Journal reports that Musk had warned executives at the Emirati tech investor G42 that Trump wouldn’t sign off on the plan unless his xAI was included in the transaction.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          In the end, Trump officials pressed ahead — and Musk’s company was left out.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          (A reminder: Musk’s move appears to be what
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          Altman said at last year’s DealBook Summit
         </a>
         <span>
          that the Tesla chief
         </span>
         <span style="font-style:italic">
          wouldn’t
         </span>
         <span>
          do: “I believe pretty strongly that Elon will do the right thing and that it would be profoundly un-American to use political power to the degree that Elon would hurt competitors and advantage his own businesses.”)
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Musk still needs to stay on Trump’s good side.
         </span>
         <span>
          SpaceX and Starlink have benefited heavily from a seeming lock on space-related contracts. Tesla’s bet on autonomous vehicles, which is reportedly poised to
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          begin a crucial real-world test
         </a>
         <span>
          next month, depends on Trump regulators
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          relaxing rules on the technology
         </a>
         <span>
          .
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          And Musk, like other A.I. entrepreneurs, is continuing to push for looser oversight.
         </span>
        </p>
        <div style="margin:0 auto;max-width:600px;width:100%">
         <table>
          <tbody>
           <tr>
            <td style="padding:0 0 5px">
             <ul class="css-1dtd48z" style="color:#000;font:20px georgia,serif;text-align:left;padding-left:50px;list-style-type:square;margin-bottom:10px">
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                In required Musk reading: a deep dive into the entrepreneur’s
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                techno-futuristic philosophy
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                with a billion-year timeline.
               </span>
              </li>
             </ul>
            </td>
           </tr>
          </tbody>
         </table>
        </div>
        <table width="100%">
         <tbody>
          <tr>
           <td class="css-36ugzx" style="padding-bottom:15px">
           </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
           <td style="border-top:1px solid #dcdcdc;padding-bottom:15px">
           </td>
          </tr>
         </tbody>
        </table>
        <h2 class="css-10nzuqq" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          “You call that chickening out?”
         </span>
        </h2>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-style:italic">
          —
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-style:italic">
          President Trump
         </a>
         <span style="font-style:italic">
          , bristling yesterday at a reporter’s “nasty” question about the
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-style:italic">
          so-called TACO trade
         </a>
         <span style="font-style:italic">
          , short for “Trump Always Chickens Out” in trade fights.
         </span>
        </p>
        <table width="100%">
         <tbody>
          <tr>
           <td class="css-36ugzx" style="padding-bottom:15px">
           </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
           <td style="border-top:1px solid #dcdcdc;padding-bottom:15px">
           </td>
          </tr>
         </tbody>
        </table>
        <h2 class="css-10nzuqq" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          The Fannie and Freddie trade
         </span>
        </h2>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Hedge fund managers who have bet big on Washington relinquishing control of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac may have reason to smile this week.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Over-the-counter shares of the mortgage finance giants briefly surged yesterday after President Trump
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          posted on social media
         </a>
         <span>
          that he was “working on TAKING THESE AMAZING COMPANIES PUBLIC.”
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Trump said that the U.S. government
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          would still guarantee loans
         </a>
         <span>
          made by Fannie and Freddie if they’re no longer under Washington control, a backstop that could help limit volatility in the mortgage market. That said,
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          it’s unclear
         </a>
         <span>
          what a guarantee might look like in practice.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Here’s who stands to gain:
         </span>
        </p>
        <div style="margin:0 auto;max-width:600px;width:100%">
         <table>
          <tbody>
           <tr>
            <td style="padding:0 0 5px">
             <ul class="css-1dtd48z" style="color:#000;font:20px georgia,serif;text-align:left;padding-left:50px;list-style-type:square;margin-bottom:10px">
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                The billionaire Bill Ackman has stakes in both companies through his hedge fund, Pershing Square. He holds
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                roughly 10 percent
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                of Fannie’s public over-the-counter shares and has been calling for an end to the conservatorship for years.
               </span>
              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Capital Research Global Investors, a unit of Capital Group, has stakes in both entities, too.
               </span>
              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Other major investors have included the billionaire investors Rob Citrone of Discovery Capital Management and John Paulson.
               </span>
              </li>
             </ul>
            </td>
           </tr>
          </tbody>
         </table>
        </div>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Big shareholders could see a “windfall” from privatization, said Lawrence White, an economics professor at the N.Y.U. Stern School of Business. But that’s a big if, he added, since it’s unclear whether Trump will actually follow through. (The president made
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          a similar promise
         </a>
         <span>
          in his first term, and it never happened.)
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          The context:
         </span>
         <span>
          Fannie and Freddie have been under government control since the federal government
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          bailed them out
         </a>
         <span>
          in 2008.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          At the time, canny investors saw an opportunity, buying up shares in both at rock-bottom prices.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          It’s been a long wait.
         </span>
         <span>
          Even as the housing market bounced back, consecutive administrations took no action to re-privatize the companies. Trump seems to see it as a priority, but the administration is “going to need congressional cooperation,” White said.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Risks loom.
         </span>
         <span>
          Removing the conservatorship could have ripple effects that affect borrowers with lower incomes or credit scores, “resulting in less access to credit and a harder path to homeownership,” Bharat Ramamurti, a senior adviser at the American Economic Liberties Project, said in
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          a brief released this morning
         </a>
         <span>
          .
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          A rise in mortgage rates would be probable too, but the magnitude would depend on how privatization is carried out, said Laurie Goodman, the founder of the Housing Finance Policy Center at the Urban Institute.
         </span>
        </p>
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             THE SPEED READ
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          Deals
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               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Rhode
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                , the makeup brand founded by the model Hailey Bieber, agreed to sell itself to e.l.f. Beauty for $1 billion. (Reuters)
               </span>
              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                “
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Saudi Arabia Seeks New I.P.O.s
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                to Attract Foreign Investors” (Bloomberg)
               </span>
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          Tech and artificial intelligence
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               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Meta is exploring opening more physical stores
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                as it increasingly bets on sales of consumer hardware like V.R. headsets and smart glasses. (Business Insider)
               </span>
              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Reed Hastings, the Netflix co-founder, has
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                joined the board of Anthropic
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                . (Hollywood Reporter)
               </span>
              </li>
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          Best of the rest
         </span>
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              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                President Trump reportedly wants
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                more than $25 million
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                and an apology from CBS News to settle his legal fight with Paramount, which owns the news division. (WSJ)
               </span>
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              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                “How America
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Lost Control of the Seas
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                ” (The Atlantic)
               </span>
              </li>
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          Thanks for reading! We’ll see you tomorrow.
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