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   All about the First Amendment
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   Oh say does that Amendment protect what you think it does?
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           Wednesday, March 4, 2026
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           Oh say does that Amendment protect what you think it does?
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           45 words, 235 years of misunderstanding
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           It’s the most sacred and beloved democratic institution that no one can quite remember. Many Americans would go to war for the First Amendment, and many fewer could tell you what it actually says, even though, at just 45 words, it’s not exactly War and Peace. Congress shall make no law… something something… well, you get the gist.
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           For more than two centuries, in cases ranging from the gravely serious to 
sitcom-level absurdity, American jurisprudence has struggled to define what exactly the First Amendment protects: freedom of religion, speech, and the press, plus the rights of peaceful protest and petitioning. What these things mean in practice is the real can of worms. When the Framers set out to protect the people from government overreach, there was no such thing as TV, much less TikTok or our mutual acquaintance Claude. Many of the people weren’t even considered people.
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           That goes a long way toward explaining where we are today, with vast swaths of the populace at once ferociously loyal to their vague impressions while ignorant of precedent and case law.
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           Good thing I have the right to say that, though! For more constitutional conundrums, scroll on down below.
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       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;border:30px none #FFF;line-height:1.67;font-size:16px;padding:5px 30px 15px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div style="line-height: 1.7">
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#555D68">
           The number of times that “separation of church and state” appears in the First Amendment, a common misconception about its exact phrasing, if not its conceptual scope. It’s also the number of times the word “speaker” appears in the Amendment.
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img 
src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;border:30px none #FFF;line-height:1.67;font-size:16px;padding:15px 30px 5px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <h3 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Serif',serif;font-size:18px;color:#105C8E;font-weight:bold;">
          <a data-linktext="1" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:18px;" target="_blank">
           1
          </a>
         </h3>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;border:30px none #FFF;line-height:1.67;font-size:16px;padding:5px 30px 15px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div style="line-height: 
1.7">
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#555D68">
           The number of First Amendment cases involving talking cats that American courts have ruled on (so far, anyway).
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;border:30px none #FFF;line-height:1.67;font-size:16px;padding:15px 30px 5px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <h3 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Serif',serif;font-size:18px;color:#105C8E;font-weight:bold;">
          <a data-linktext="5 to 4 and 6 to 3" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:18px;" target="_blank">
           5 to 4 and 6 to 3
          </a>
         </h3>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;border:30px none #FFF;line-height:1.67;font-size:16px;padding:5px 30px 15px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div style="line-height: 1.7">
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#555D68">
           The narrow and then widening Supreme Court majorities that have 
reshaped modern “1A” doctrine over the last several decades.
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="24" style="width:100%;height:24px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;border:30px none #FFF;line-height:1.67;font-size:16px;padding:15px 
30px 5px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <h3 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Serif',serif;font-size:18px;color:#105C8E;font-weight:bold;">
          <a data-linktext="12" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;font-size:18px;font-family:Georgia,serif;" target="_blank">
           12
          </a>
         </h3>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;border:30px none #FFF;line-height:1.67;font-size:16px;padding:5px 30px 15px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div style="line-height: 1.7">
          <span style="color:#555D68;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
           The number of hours that the fate of TikTok was in question for American users when, in January 2025, the Supreme Court upheld a law forcing Chinese owner ByteDance to sell it, ruling that national security concerns outweighed First
Amendment protections.
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="24" style="width:100%;height:24px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;border:30px none #FFF;line-height:1.67;font-size:16px;padding:15px 30px 
5px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <h3 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Serif',serif;font-size:18px;color:#105C8E;font-weight:bold;">
          <a data-linktext="$787.5 million" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:18px;" target="_blank">
           $787.5 million
          </a>
         </h3>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;border:30px none #FFF;line-height:1.67;font-size:16px;padding:5px 30px 15px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div style="line-height: 1.7">
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#555D68">
           The settlement reached after Dominion Voting Systems sued Fox News for airing wild conspiracy theories about the voting machine company. It’s a reminder that the First Amendment 
protects citizens from government limitations on speech; it doesn’t mean that media companies can knowingly publish untruths without consequences.
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td align="center" class="td100" colspan="6" style="width:100%;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <div class="ruleContent">
          <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:0 #9B9B9B;height:2px;width:100%;text-align:center;background-color:#256A98;color:#9B9B9B;margin:0 auto;border-left-width:0;border-right-width:0">
           <tr>
            <td style="font-size:2px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;line-height:2px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto 
Sans,sans-serif">
            </td>
           </tr>
          </table>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad0">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="width:100%;padding:10px 0;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <h3 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Serif',serif;font-size:18px;color:#105C8E;font-weight:bold;">
          <span style="font-size:18px;font-family:Georgia,serif">
           1A, AI, LOL?
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </h3>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad0">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="width:100%;padding:10px 
0;line-height:1.7;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
           The First Amendment, ratified in 1791, was established to prevent the government from endorsing a specific religion and silencing its critics. What it’s never meant — despite widespread belief to the contrary — is that anyone has to employ you, give you a platform, join your cult, or automatically tolerate your speech or symbolic actions. The 
constitutional amendments protect us from “state actions,” not so much from each other.
          </span>
         </div>
         <div>
          <br/>
         </div>
         <div>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
           Terms and conditions apply, however: Courts have now spent hundreds of years arguing about where the lines fall. In 1919’s Schenck v. United States,, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of a man who distributed anti-draft leaflets, giving us the “shouting fire in a crowded theater” standard. In 1969, Brandenburg v. Ohio set another threshold: Speech can only be 
restricted if it's likely to produce “imminent lawless action.” In 2010, Citizens United extended some First Amendment protections to corporations. Money talks!
          </span>
         </div>
         <div>
          <br/>
         </div>
         <div>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
           And what about machines. Do they talk, too?. Recent cases have established algorithms as forms of editorial judgment. A likely next big thing? Deciding whether AI has First Amendment rights. In a recent case, a Florida mother sued Character.AI after her 14-year-old son died by suicide following months 
of interactions with a chatbot. The company argued the First Amendment protected its outputs as speech. The case is being settled, but others are popping up around the same issues, and one thing seems certain: The Framers never saw ChatGPT coming.
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
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       <tr>
        <td align="center" class="td100" colspan="6" style="width:100%;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <div class="ruleContent">
          <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:0 #9B9B9B;height:2px;width:100%;text-align:center;background-color:#256A98;color:#9B9B9B;margin:0 auto;border-left-width:0;border-right-width:0">
           <tr>
            <td style="font-size:2px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;line-height:2px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
            </td>
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          </table>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad10">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;width:100%;padding:15px 10px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <h2 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Sans',sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold;">
          <span style="font-size:20px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
           Quotable
          </span>
         </h2>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="24" style="width:100%;height:24px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto 
Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="email-cell-group" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;table-layout:fixed;">
          <tbody>
           <tr class="non-responsive trpad15" style="background-color:#E9F2F9">
            <td class="editor-six-col" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9F2F9;width:16.6667%;padding-top:20px;padding-right:15px;padding-bottom:0;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
             <div>
              <img class="img100" height="auto" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Feditor.ne16.com%252Fquartz-prod%252Fquote-marks.png/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZlZGl0b3IubmUxNiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NzI2NTcxNTEuMzAzMjg4Mn0:1vxt6N:S6i5zn0wZrZpJ55VYz_OwSldn782q84bg99JKJ_nPhE" style="width:19px;max-height:15px;vertical-align:middle;" width="19"/>
             </div>
            </td>
            <td colspan="4" style="width:66.6667%;background-color:#E9F2F9;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
             <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="email-cell-group" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;table-layout:fixed;">
              <colgroup>
               <col width="100%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody>
               <tr>
                <td colspan="1" style="line-height:1.7;background-color:#E9F2F9;width:100%;padding:15px 10px 
5px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
                 <div>
                  <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#000000">
                   Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
                  </span>
                 </div>
                </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                <td colspan="1" style="line-height:1.5;background-color:#E9F2F9;width:100%;padding:5px 10px 15px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
                 <div>
                  <em>
                   <a data-linktext="The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;" target="_blank">
                    The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
                   </a>
                   ,1791. All 45 words.
                  </em>
                 </div>
                </td>
               </tr>
              </tbody>
             </table>
            </td>
            <td class="editor-six-col" colspan="1" height="1" style="width:16.6667%;background-color:#E9F2F9;height:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
             <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
            </td>
           </tr>
          </tbody>
         </table>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="24" style="width:100%;height:24px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" 
style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td align="center" class="td100" colspan="6" style="width:100%;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <div class="ruleContent">
          <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:0 #9B9B9B;height:2px;width:100%;text-align:center;background-color:#256A98;color:#9B9B9B;margin:0 auto;border-left-width:0;border-right-width:0">
           <tr>
            <td style="font-size:2px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;line-height:2px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
            </td>
           </tr>
          </table>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad10">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;width:100%;padding:15px 10px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <h2 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Sans',sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold;">
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:20px">
           Pop Quiz
          </span>
         </h2>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="width:100%;padding:10px 30px;line-height:1.7;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
           Which of these have courts determined are NOT protected by the First 
Amendment?
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.7;background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;padding:15px 30px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
           A. Tattooing
          </strong>
         </div>
         <div>
          <strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
           B. “Exotic dancing”
          </strong>
         </div>
         <div>
          <strong style="font-family: 
Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
           C. Videos showing animal cruelty
          </strong>
         </div>
         <div>
          <strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
           D. Hobby Lobby’s employee health insurance practices
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </strong>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="width:100%;padding:10px 30px;line-height:1.7;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
           Check out the answer at
          </span>
          <a data-linktext="the bottom of this email" data-linktype="Anchor" style="color:#105C8E;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
           the bottom of this email
          </a>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
           .
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td align="center" class="td100" colspan="6" style="width:100%;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <div class="ruleContent">
          <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:0 #9B9B9B;height:2px;width:100%;text-align:center;background-color:#256A98;color:#9B9B9B;margin:0 auto;border-left-width:0;border-right-width:0">
           <tr>
            <td style="font-size:2px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;line-height:2px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto 
Sans,sans-serif">
            </td>
           </tr>
          </table>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad10">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;width:100%;padding:15px 10px;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <h2 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Sans',sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold;">
          <span style="font-size:20px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
           Brief History
          </span>
         </h2>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.5;background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;padding:15px 30px 5px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <h3 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Serif',serif;font-size:18px;color:#105C8E;font-weight:bold;">
          <a data-linktext="1791" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" target="_blank">
           1791
          </a>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#000000">
           
          </span>
         </h3>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.7;background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;padding:5px 30px 15px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#555D68">
           The First Amendment is ratified as part of the Bill of Rights, two years after the Constitution itself, and mostly because several 
states refused to split the tab without it.
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.5;background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;padding:15px 30px 5px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto 
Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <h3 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Serif',serif;font-size:18px;color:#105C8E;font-weight:bold;">
          <a data-linktext="1927" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" target="_blank">
           1927
          </a>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#000000">
           
          </span>
         </h3>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.7;background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;padding:5px 30px 15px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#555D68">
           In Whitney v. California, the Supreme Court upholds the criminal conviction of pacifist Anita Whitney for helping to organize a new left-wing political party. The ruling is best remembered nowadays for Justice Louis Brandeis’ eloquent 
concurrence. It’s considered among the greatest defenses of free speech ever written, even though Brandeis was disagreeing with aspects of the Court’s decision.
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.5;background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;padding:15px 30px 5px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <h3 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Serif',serif;font-size:18px;color:#105C8E;font-weight:bold;">
          <a data-linktext="1969" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" target="_blank">
           1969
          </a>
         </h3>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.7;background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;padding:5px 30px 15px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#555D68">
           In Brandenburg v. Ohio, the high court changes course, adopting a new standard as it overturns a KKK member's criminal conviction. The ruling set the modern standard that speech is protected unless it’s intended to 
produce “imminent lawless action.” Some modern-day critics look askance at the courts upholding convictions of pacifists but freeing KKK members.
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="24" style="width:100%;height:24px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.5;background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;padding:15px 30px 5px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <h3 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Serif',serif;font-size:18px;color:#105C8E;font-weight:bold;">
          <a data-linktext="2024" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;" target="_blank">
           2024
          </a>
         </h3>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.7;background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;padding:5px 30px 15px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#555D68">
           In Moody v. NetChoice, the Supreme Court answers the question of whether social media algorithms count as protected speech. In the course of this, Justice Amy Coney Barrett raises the question of whether AI-generated content might 
qualify as speech; the issue remains live.
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="24" style="width:100%;height:24px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.5;background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;padding:15px 30px 5px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto 
Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <h3 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Serif',serif;font-size:18px;color:#105C8E;font-weight:bold;">
          <a data-linktext="2024" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;" target="_blank">
           2024
          </a>
          -present
         </h3>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.7;background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;padding:5px 30px 15px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#555D68">
           In Garcia v. Character Technologies, a grieving mother sues Character.AI after her 14-year-old son took his own life following months of interactions with a chatbot. The company claims First Amendment protection.
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td align="center" class="td100" colspan="6" style="width:100%;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <div class="ruleContent">
          <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:0 
#9B9B9B;height:2px;width:100%;text-align:center;background-color:#256A98;color:#9B9B9B;margin:0 auto;border-left-width:0;border-right-width:0">
           <tr>
            <td style="font-size:2px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;line-height:2px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
            </td>
           </tr>
          </table>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad10">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;width:100%;padding:15px 10px;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <h2 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Sans',sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold;">
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:20px">
           Fun Fact
          </span>
         </h2>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#E9F2F9">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.7;background-color:#E9F2F9;width:100%;padding:15px 30px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#555D68">
           Back in 
the 1980s,
          </span>
          <a data-linktext="a couple in small-town Georgia had a cat named Blackie" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" target="_blank">
           a couple in small-town Georgia had a cat named Blackie
          </a>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#555D68">
           , who they claimed could speak a few words. When they charged people to hear Blackie talk, the city said they needed a business 
license. The couple argued that requiring a license violated Blackie's First Amendment right to free speech. Courts did not agree. First Amendment jurisprudence remains a rich tapestry.
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td align="center" class="td100" colspan="6" style="width:100%;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <div class="ruleContent">
          <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:0 #9B9B9B;height:2px;width:100%;text-align:center;background-color:#256A98;color:#9B9B9B;margin:0 auto;border-left-width:0;border-right-width:0">
           <tr>
            <td style="font-size:2px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;line-height:2px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto 
Sans,sans-serif">
            </td>
           </tr>
          </table>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad10">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;width:100%;padding:15px 10px;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <h2 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Sans',sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold;">
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:20px">
           Watch This
          </span>
         </h2>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#EDF0F4">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.7;background-color:#EDF0F4;width:100%;padding:15px 30px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#555D68">
           In this clip,
          </span>
          <a data-linktext="Family Guy pithily rehashes early constitutional history" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" target="_blank">
           Family Guy pithily 
rehashes early constitutional history
          </a>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#555D68">
           .
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad0">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:16px;width:100%;padding:15px 0;vertical-align:top">
         <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0;" width="100%">
          <tbody>
           <tr>
            <td align="center" bgcolor="#105C8E" style="text-align:center;-webkit-border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;border-radius:5px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:16px">
             <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:none; border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace:0; mso-table-rspace:0; mso-margin-top-alt:0px; mso-margin-bottom-alt:0px; mso-padding-alt: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" width="100%">
              <tbody>
               <tr>
                <td height="40" style="vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:16px" valign="middle">
                 <a style="-webkit-border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px; color: #FFFFFF; text-decoration: none; font-family: Noto Sans,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;  border: 1px solid #105C8E; display: block; " target="_blank">
                 </a>
                 <table bgcolor="#105C8E" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="newButton" height="40" style="-webkit-border-radius: 
5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px; padding-right:15px;mso-padding-right-alt: 15px;padding-left:15px;mso-padding-left-alt: 15px;padding-top:10px;mso-padding-top-alt: 10px;padding-bottom:10px;mso-padding-bottom-alt: 10px; " width="100%">
                  <tbody>
                   <tr>
                    <td align="center" bgcolor="#105C8E" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;-webkit-border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;border-radius:5px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:16px" valign="middle">
                     <table bgcolor="#105C8E" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="-webkit-border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px; " width="100%">
                      <tbody>
                       <tr>
                        <td align="center" bgcolor="#105C8E" style="text-align:center;-webkit-border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;border-radius:5px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:16px">
                         <!--[if !mso]><!-->
                         <a style="-webkit-border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px; color: #FFFFFF; text-decoration: none; font-family: Noto Sans,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;  border: none; display: block; ">
                          Watch 
now
                         </a>
                         <!--<![endif]-->
                         <!--[if mso]><a href="https://www.ne16.com/t/10389505/226416231/9288751/2/1009502/?x=78fc3c0f" target="_blank" style="-webkit-border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px; color: #FFFFFF; text-decoration: none; font-family: Noto Sans,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;  border: none; display: block; ">Watch now</a><![endif]-->
                        </td>
                       </tr>
                      </tbody>
                     </table>
                    </td>
                   </tr>
                  </tbody>
                 </table>
                </td>
               </tr>
              </tbody>
             </table>
            </td>
           </tr>
          </tbody>
         </table>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td align="center" class="td100" colspan="6" style="width:100%;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <div class="ruleContent">
          <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:0 
#9B9B9B;height:2px;width:100%;text-align:center;background-color:#256A98;color:#9B9B9B;margin:0 auto;border-left-width:0;border-right-width:0">
           <tr>
            <td style="font-size:2px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;line-height:2px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
            </td>
           </tr>
          </table>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad10">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;width:100%;padding:15px 10px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <h2 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Sans',sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold;">
          Poll
         </h2>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="width:100%;padding:10px 30px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;font-size:16px">
         <div>
          Should AI-generated content receive First Amendment protection?
         </div>
         <div>
          <br/>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if 
mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#E9F2F9">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.7;background-color:#E9F2F9;width:100%;font-size:16px;padding:15px 30px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <strong style="font-size:16px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#000000">
           A. Yes, my AI girlfriend means it when she says she loves me
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </strong>
          <strong style="font-size:16px;font-family:Noto Serif,serif;color:#105C8E">
           
          </strong>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#E9F2F9">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.7;background-color:#E9F2F9;width:100%;font-size:16px;padding:15px 
30px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;vertical-align:top;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <strong style="font-size:16px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#000000">
           B. Nice try, Skynet!
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </strong>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#E9F2F9">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.7;background-color:#E9F2F9;width:100%;font-size:16px;padding:15px 30px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <strong style="color:#000000;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
           C. It depends on the context
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </strong>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td align="center" class="td100" colspan="6" style="width:100%;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <div class="ruleContent">
          <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:0 #9B9B9B;height:2px;width:100%;text-align:center;background-color:#256A98;color:#9B9B9B;margin:0 
auto;border-left-width:0;border-right-width:0">
           <tr>
            <td style="font-size:2px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;line-height:2px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
            </td>
           </tr>
          </table>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad10">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;width:100%;padding:15px 10px;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
         <h2 style="mso-line-height-rule:exactly;Margin:0;font-family:'Noto Sans',sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold;">
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
           Let’s Talk
          </span>
         </h2>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#E9F2F9">
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" style="line-height:1.7;background-color:#E9F2F9;width:100%;padding:15px 30px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:16px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
         <div>
          <strong style="font-size:16px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#105C8E">
           <a data-linktext="X this!" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;" target="_blank">
            X
this
           </a>
          </strong>
         </div>
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
        <td class="td100" colspan="6" height="15" style="width:100%;height:15px;font-size:1px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif">
         <!--[if mso]><img src="//editor.ne16.com/spacer.gif" style="mso-hide:all;border:0;"><![endif]-->
        </td>
       </tr>
       <tr class="trpad30" style="background-color:#E9F2F9">
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           Today’s email was written by Catherine Baab, author of
          </span>
          <a data-linktext="Poe for Your Problems: Uncommon Advice from History’s Least Likely Self-Help Guru" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:#105C8E;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;" target="_blank">
           Poe for Your Problems: Uncommon Advice from History’s 
Least Likely Self-Help Guru
          </a>
          <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:#555D68">
           .
           <span class="ql-cursor">
            
           </span>
          </span>
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           The correct answer to the pop quiz is
          </em>
          <strong style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:#000000">
           <em>
            D, Hobby Lobby’s employee health insurance 
practices
           </em>
          </strong>
          <em style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:#000000">
           . Courts have variously upheld the expressive rights of tattooists and exotic dancers, as well as those of the makers of videos depicting animal cruelty. Hobby Lobby’s religious rights as they pertain to insurance coverage for its employees were
          </em>
          <em style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)">
           <a data-linktext="rather delicately handled" data-linktype="Normal" style="color:var(=-blue-cta-default);" target="_blank">
            rather delicately handled
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           outside of First Amendment questions.
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