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   Climate: Giant batteries
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   Some U.S. automakers have moved away from electric vehicles to building grid-scale batteries.
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             February 3, 2026
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             A battery energy storage facility in Saginaw, Texas, in 2023.
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             Sam Hodde/Associated Press
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        <h1 style="color:#000;font:400 30px/37.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 12px">
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          Why U.S. car companies want to make giant batteries
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             <p style="font:13px/18px arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.2px;color:#000;font:600 13px/18px arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:3px">
              By
              <a class="css-nanfcg" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;color:inherit">
               Claire Brown
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Last year was a tough one for electric vehicles in the United States. The Trump administration and Republicans in Congress tossed out a $7,500 tax credit for E.V. purchases, giving buyers just a few months’ notice. They also
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          challenged California’s plan
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         <span>
          to phase out sales of new gas-powered cars by 2035.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Amid it all, Ford took a $
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          19.5 billion hit to its profits
         </a>
         <span>
          to cover a major strategic shift as it reconsidered its E.V. strategy. Tesla lost its place as the top seller of E.V.s worldwide, and its domestic and European car sales slumped.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The E.V. pullback has left a nascent U.S. battery industry with a shrinking market to sell its products. Now, some companies are eyeing a new line of business that could play a critical role in helping renewable energy power the grid — if they can beat Chinese manufacturers on cost.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Ford is now attempting to pivot, repurposing car battery production lines to make bigger batteries for data centers and utilities. Tesla is expanding efforts in the same space. Neither company responded to an interview request.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Today, we look at car companies’ big battery dreams, and why a complicated snarl of tariffs, trade wars and tax credits that have slowed their E.V. plans just might end up boosting grid-scale battery production.
         </span>
        </p>
        <h3 style="color:#000;font:400 20px/27.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          Batteries everywhere
         </span>
        </h3>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Batteries power electric cars, eliminating the need for a gas tank. But they can also be mounted on the wall of a home with rooftop solar panels, storing energy when the sun is shining and releasing it at night.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          At a larger scale,
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          shipping-container-sized batteries
         </a>
         <span>
          do something similar for power companies, which charge batteries during the day when electricity is cheap and discharge them onto the grid when prices spike in the evening.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          When Democrats passed the Inflation Reduction Act in 2022, the legislation included generous incentives aimed at fostering a domestic battery-making supply chain to compete in the global market, which is currently dominated by China. Companies hatched plans to open battery factories in the United States.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          At the time, many of these investments were focused on making E.V. batteries. But then Republicans reversed many Biden-era tax incentives in last summer’s sweeping domestic policy bill, including for renewable energy, and the market for domestically produced car batteries looked a lot less promising.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          This made battery makers in the United States rethink their plans, said Isshu Kikuma, senior associate on the energy storage team at BloombergNEF, a research firm.
         </span>
        </p>
        <h3 style="color:#000;font:400 20px/27.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          The swap
         </span>
        </h3>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          All of a sudden, there were more E.V. batteries in the U.S. manufacturing pipeline than automakers could really use. So factories began looking for something else to make.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The shipping-container-sized grid-scale batteries made a lot of sense, Kikuma said. Manufacturers could repurpose E.V. battery production lines to build them without starting from scratch. And last summer’s rollback of the Biden-era tax breaks
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          left incentives for these bigger batteries intact
         </a>
         <span>
          , at least in the short term.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          It’ll take time and money to make the necessary changes. But “compared to not being able to use the plant because the E.V. demand isn’t there, it’s looking worthwhile to these companies,” said Allison Weis, global head of storage at Wood Mackenzie, an energy research firm.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          In December, Ford announced plans to repurpose existing E.V. battery plants to build grid-scale batteries for data centers and utilities.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          At Tesla, batteries are already a big business: In a recent financial disclosure the company revealed that its energy storage business, which includes batteries for homes and businesses as well as solar panel installations, is its most profitable and fastest-growing category. Tesla plans to begin production of large-scale batteries at a new factory in Houston later this year.
         </span>
        </p>
        <h3 style="color:#000;font:400 20px/27.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          Taking on China
         </span>
        </h3>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Right now, there’s room for growth in the domestic grid-scale battery industry, Weis said, though the market is competitive. By 2030, demand for grid-scale batteries is projected to be more than six times what domestic manufacturers produced last year, according to Wood Mackenzie.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The question is whether companies like Ford and Tesla will be able to move fast enough and efficiently enough to compete with makers like Korea’s LG Energy Solution, which is already producing grid-scale batteries at a factory in Michigan.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Lawmakers in the House have
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          begun to scrutinize
         </a>
         <span>
          Ford’s plan to use technology licensed from the Chinese battery company CATL. The Trump administration has sought to limit U.S. companies’ business relationships with Chinese firms by tightening tax credit rules, curtailing sourcing and licensing relationships with firms owned by certain foreign countries. Tesla has purchased equipment from CATL as well.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Qualifying for tax breaks could be make-or-break for U.S. battery hopefuls. It’s still more expensive to produce batteries domestically, but the combination of domestic tax credits and tariffs on Chinese imports make it easier for U.S. factories to compete.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Still, there’s no guarantee that even this combination of carrots and sticks will be enough to help U.S. factories compete with Chinese imports on grid-scale batteries. “They may still come in and beat domestic systems,” Weis said.
         </span>
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             <img alt="A shot of a cable extending down into a deep hole in the iece." class="css-3vswge" height="400" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F02%252F03%252Fmultimedia%252F03-newsletter-batteries-drill%252F03-newsletter-batteries-drill-jumbo.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3NzAxNDc5MzAuNjM0MzkxfQ:1vnML4:bIJzT2xZsJrQ4lImhzVvyE1NZKasEmL8sIJzWxokSlo" style="width:100%;height:auto;display:block;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:8px" width="600"/>
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            <span style="color:#666;font:normal 14px georgia,serif">
             Traveling down a borehole 4,000 feet deep into seawater under the Thwaites Glacier in Antarctica.
            </span>
            <span style="margin:0;font:11px/11px georgia,serif;color:#888;letter-spacing:.01em">
             Paul Anker, Chang W. Lee/The New York Times
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        <p style="color:#000;font:700 12px/15px arial,sans-serif;padding-bottom:2px;letter-spacing:.8px;margin:0">
         JOURNEY TO ANTARCTICA
        </p>
        <h2 style="color:#000;font:400 25px/32.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          Deep inside an Antarctic glacier, a mission collapses at its final step
         </span>
        </h2>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          A daring attempt to study Antarctica’s fast-melting Thwaites Glacier
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          collapsed over the weekend after the scientists’ instruments became entombed
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         <span>
          within the half-mile-thick ice.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          A team of British and South Korean researchers was trying to install instruments beneath the immense glacier, where they would collect data, the first of its kind, on the warm ocean waters that are melting away the ice at a rate of hundreds of feet per year.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The team of 10 scientists, engineers and guides camped for more than a week on Thwaites to set up their complex operation. They used a jet of water heated to 80 degrees Celsius, or 176 degrees Fahrenheit, to melt a hole through the glacier, one foot in diameter and roughly 3,300 feet deep. They then lowered instruments to gather data in the water beneath the ice.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The clock was ticking: The tiny hole would refreeze in about 48 hours unless the team kept shooting hot water into it. And bad weather was on the way.
         </span>
         <span style="font-style:italic">
          — Raymond Zhong
         </span>
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         MORE FROM OUR VOYAGE
        </p>
        <h2 style="color:#000;font:400 25px/32.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          Kids sent us Antarctica questions. Here are the answers.
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        </h2>
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             <img alt="A screenshot of Raymond Zhong on the icebreaker ship Araon. " class="css-1bm0nbl" height="886" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F02%252F03%252Fclimate%252F03-newsletter-batteries-vid%252F03-newsletter-batteries-vid-jumbo.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3NzAxNDc5MzAuNjM0NDkwM30:1vnML4:ItSER2AFoZQF9R_MUIjjvSIYjiH9COb28mlvLpM_zhg" style="width:100%;height:auto;display:block;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:5px" width="600"/>
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             The New York Times
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         <span>
          Do snowy owls live in Antarctica? What’s the most alarming measurement scientists are watching for? What do you eat and drink?
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          Raymond Zhong answers some questions from students around the world.
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         QUOTE OF THE DAY
        </p>
        <h3 style="color:#000;font:400 20px/27.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          “We are headed for a reliability crisis, except now the crisis is not over the horizon, but across the street.”
         </span>
        </h3>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          That’s from Mark Christie, a former U.S. federal grid regulator, who was responding to a new report that predicts problems with the future reliability of the electric grids in the United States and Canada. Tens of millions of people face a growing risk of blackouts over the next five years, according to the report from the North American Electric Reliability Corporation, a nonprofit organization that works closely with federal regulators.
         </span>
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          As Brad Plumer reports
         </a>
         <span>
          , demand for electricity is rising quickly, led by a boom in data centers. At the same time, utilities are retiring older coal- and gas-burning plants and aren’t adding enough generation to dependably meet growing demand.
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             <img alt="A map of the U.S. by region showing areas of higher risk of electric grid problems and lower risk. " class="css-1bm0nbl" height="384" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F01%252F30%252Fclimate%252F03-newsletter-batteries-chart%252FNERC-2025-LTRA-jumbo.png/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3NzAxNDc5MzAuNjM0NTg5N30:1vnML4:asKhM-S-lMF5YuNunaZE1Kfn5jnDutKD9xaWbIQ-8oY" style="width:100%;height:auto;display:block;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:5px" width="600"/>
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            <span style="margin:0;font:11px/11px georgia,serif;color:#888;letter-spacing:.01em">
             North American Electric Reliability Corporation
            </span>
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         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-weight:700">
          Read more
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          .
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         NUMBERS OF THE DAY
        </p>
        <h3 style="color:#000;font:400 20px/27.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          0 for 5
         </span>
        </h3>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The Trump administration is now 0-5 in its effort to stop wind farms under construction along the East Coast,
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          Maxine Joselow reports
         </a>
         <span>
          . A federal judge on Monday struck down the Interior Department’s order to halt work on Sunrise Wind, a multibillion wind farm off the coast of New York State.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          In December, the Interior Department ordered all work to halt on Sunrise Wind and four other wind farms off the East Coast. To justify
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          the sweeping move,
         </a>
         <span>
          officials cited a classified report by the Defense Department that they said found the projects to be a national security threat.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The judge issued a preliminary injunction that would allow the project’s developer to restart construction while the broader legal battle unfolds. “Purportedly new classified information does not constitute a sufficient explanation for the bureau’s decision to entirely stop work on the Sunrise Wind project,” the judge said.
         </span>
        </p>
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         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-weight:700">
          Read more
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             OTHER NYT CLIMATE NEWS
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                 <img alt="Energy Secretary Chris Wright, wearing a blue jacket and dark tie, speaking into a microphone." class="css-7y77sk" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F01%252F30%252Fmultimedia%252F30cli-lawsuit-doe-pthc%252F30cli-lawsuit-doe-pthc-square640.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3NzAxNDc5MzAuNjM0Njg3Mn0:1vnML4:OEGMOHqeFjacKS4sgtee6YUYzpIOuu5e1LN9AK2fqiA" style="width:291px;box-sizing:border-box;vertical-align:top" width="291"/>
                 <p style="color:#888;font:11px/17px georgia,serif;margin:2px 0 0;text-align:right">
                  Nathan Howard/Reuters
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                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
                 <h3 style="color:#000;margin:0;padding:0 0 5px;font:700 20px/25px georgia,serif">
                  A Secret Panel to Question Climate Science Was Unlawful, Judge Rules
                 </h3>
                 <p class="css-1bi319l" style="color:#333;font:17px/22.5px georgia,serif;margin:0;margin-bottom:10px">
                  The researchers produced a report that was central in a Trump administration effort to stop regulating climate pollution.
                 </p>
                 <p style="color:#000;font:600 13px/18px arial,sans-serif;margin:0;letter-spacing:.2px">
                  By Lisa Friedman
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                </a>
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               <td class="css-5i4540" style="display:inline-block;width:291px;max-width:291px;vertical-align:top">
                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
                 <img alt="People sit at desks and monitor computer screens at FEMA’s national response center in Washington. " class="css-7y77sk" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F01%252F28%252Fmultimedia%252F28cli-fema-lawsuit-pvzj%252F28cli-fema-lawsuit-pvzj-square640.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3NzAxNDc5MzAuNjM0Nzg1fQ:1vnML4:vcwRPeYhhxSCsitpAyChVbZmoercbfKpbLe9XQzrnO0" style="width:291px;box-sizing:border-box;vertical-align:top" width="291"/>
                 <p style="color:#888;font:11px/17px georgia,serif;margin:2px 0 0;text-align:right">
                  Al Drago/Getty Images
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                 <h3 style="color:#000;margin:0;padding:0 0 5px;font:700 20px/25px georgia,serif">
                  Unions Sue FEMA Over Work Force Cuts They Say Threaten Readiness
                 </h3>
                 <p class="css-1bi319l" style="color:#333;font:17px/22.5px georgia,serif;margin:0;margin-bottom:10px">
                  The suit argues that the recent dismissals and plans for further cuts violate laws designed to preserve the disaster response agency’s independence and capabilities.
                 </p>
                 <p style="color:#000;font:600 13px/18px arial,sans-serif;margin:0;letter-spacing:.2px">
                  By Scott Dance
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         <span style="font-weight:700">
          More climate news from around the web:
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                Bloomberg reports
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               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                that the Trump administration’s vows to take over Greenland have halted some research projects on the Arctic Island.
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                The Associated Press
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               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                looks at the growing number of communities across the U.S. who have found evidence that their drinking water is contaminated with “forever chemicals,” which research has linked to increased risk of cancer and other health issues.
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