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   Climate: Why some buildings turn down the heat in a winter storm.
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             Washington on Sunday evening. The weekend storm dumped a foot or more of snow in at least 17 states from New Mexico to New Hampshire.
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          It’s cold in the U.S. Here’s why some buildings turned down the heat.
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              By
              <a class="css-nanfcg" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;color:inherit">
               Claire Brown
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          As temperatures plunged and a snowstorm moved across the United States on Sunday, households cranked up the heat. But some buildings across Virginia, Maryland and the Washington area did the opposite: They tamped down the amount of electricity they were pulling from the grid.
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
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          And they’ll get paid for it.
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          It’s part of a strategy called demand response that’s being used by power grid operators in times of peak energy use, like cold snaps and heat waves. The idea is to reduce power demand when supply is tight by incentivizing big electricity customers to use less.
         </span>
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         <span>
          That could mean a bitcoin mine shuts down for a few hours. Or a hospital might switch on a backup power generator, reducing the amount of electricity it pulls from the grid. Big box stores might adjust the thermostat, refrigeration or lighting to save energy.
         </span>
        </p>
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         <span>
          In theory, if enough large power customers signed up to participate in demand response, an alert from the grid operator would swiftly trigger a significant, voluntary drop in regional electricity use, freeing up power to heat homes and avoid blackouts.
         </span>
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Think of it as subtracting a power plant’s worth of demand instead of adding a power plant’s worth of supply. The companies coordinating all that subtraction are known as virtual power plants.
         </span>
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Ken Schisler, chief legal and regulatory officer at the virtual power plant CPower Energy, said that coordinated energy reductions have the potential to reduce short-term demand by about 5 percent.
         </span>
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         <span>
          The grid operator PJM, which activated Sunday’s demand response in the three mid-Atlantic regions, did not immediately have an estimate of how much the strategy had reduced power demand this weekend. During Winter Storm Elliott in December 2022, demand response actions by CPower clients freed up power equivalent to the daily electricity use of about 1.7 million homes, according to the company.
         </span>
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        <h3 style="color:#000;font:400 20px/27.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          How it works
         </span>
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         <span>
          CPower sprung into action on Sunday when PJM sent instructions to activate demand response. The company can control the operations of some customers remotely, shutting down specific pieces of equipment or dispatching battery power. In other cases, businesses carry out their own reductions. Most of the energy savings in PJM’s operating region come from the manufacturing sector.
         </span>
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         <span>
          “They aren’t just running around turning lights off here and there,” Schisler said. “We’ve identified in advance what can be reduced, and we have a curtailment plan with customers.”
         </span>
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          Some participants sign up to get a 30-minute warning before they must reduce their consumption; others opt for 60 or 120 minutes. All three groups were called upon on Sunday, Jeff Shields, a PJM spokesman, said.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          CPower and its customers are paid just for being available when called upon. They’re paid again, at a rate equivalent to current electricity prices, when they and reduce their consumption on command.
         </span>
        </p>
        <h3 style="color:#000;font:400 20px/27.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
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          What’s next
         </span>
        </h3>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Some have argued that certain industries benefit disproportionately from this model. A 2023 New York Times investigation found that a
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          bitcoin mine in Texas
         </a>
         <span>
          had been paid $18 million for powering off for four days during a winter storm in 2021. Those costs were ultimately borne by ratepayers, and many of them would rather see heavy electricity users like data centers and cryptocurrency mines pay more for electricity in the first place.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Demand response is also impractical for many businesses. Big-box stores are able to participate in part because they can aggregate energy savings across many locations. An independent grocer, by contrast, may be too small to sign up. For other types of industries, it’s neither practical nor economical to abruptly shut off large equipment, even with two hours of notice. An e-commerce warehouse, for example, would most likely make far more money by continuing operations than it would earn from an energy payment.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          In the long run, individual houses could make a significant contribution to demand response, too. In California, where many homeowners have installed batteries, a test over the summer delivered enough electricity to the grid to power
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          hundreds of thousands of homes
         </a>
         <span>
          , according to the utility PG&amp;E.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Still, demand response will probably become increasingly important globally as electricity demand increases and more and more power sources that generate energy for only part of the day, like solar and wind, are added to the grid, according to the International Energy Agency. In a 2023 report, the I.E.A. found that demand response capacity would need to increase tenfold between 2020 and 2030 to align with a global target of reducing net global greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2050.
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            <img alt="Kristi Noem standing at a lectern with a single microphone. " class="css-3vswge" height="400" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F01%252F27%252Fmultimedia%252F27cli-newsletter-paris-02-cbzl%252F27cli-newsletter-paris-02-cbzl-jumbo.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3Njk1NDQzNDUuNjkzNjU1NX0:1vkpJp:ieuF6Kw4p3sSF5o0SfIlLsfzzrPwQ0th3YQH2-5BoOQ" style="width:100%;height:auto;display:block;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:8px" width="600"/>
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            <span style="color:#666;font:normal 14px georgia,serif">
             Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem has ordered that all FEMA expenditures over $100,000 be reviewed by her office.
            </span>
            <span style="margin:0;font:11px/11px georgia,serif;color:#888;letter-spacing:.01em">
             Angelina Katsanis for The New York Times
            </span>
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        <h2 style="color:#000;font:400 25px/32.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          A $17 billion disaster aid bottleneck
         </span>
        </h2>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          About $17 billion in federal disaster funds for states is getting an extra layer of review by Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem, causing unusual delays in payments,
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          according to internal Federal Emergency Management Agency documents
         </a>
         <span>
          reviewed by The New York Times.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The delays stem from a directive issued by Noem in June that said any expenditure of $100,000 or more must be approved by her office, which oversees the disaster agency, to root out “waste, fraud and abuse.”
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The bottleneck includes money that had already been approved by regional FEMA offices for things like debris removal and repairs to roads, bridges and water and sewer systems. Noem’s directive has extended the final processing of large projects, a stage that normally takes a few weeks, by months, according to three FEMA employees who spoke to the Times.
         </span>
         <span style="font-style:italic">
          — Scott Dance
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          Read more
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          .
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            <img alt="A view of a helicopter in a hangar with a green helipad, blue sky and open sea behind it. " class="css-3vswge" height="400" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F01%252F27%252Fmultimedia%252F27cli-av-radar-01-kwhl%252F27cli-av-radar-01-kwhl-jumbo.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3Njk1NDQzNDUuNjkzODA3OH0:1vkpJp:O1YluwuFj3d5YvKRbFVZ_PSQJ0S9nKUfUJtEO24KPKs" style="width:100%;height:auto;display:block;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:8px" width="600"/>
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           <td class="css-1b9cqt1" style="text-align:left;width:100%;padding-bottom:15px;line-height:14px">
            <span style="color:#666;font:normal 14px georgia,serif">
             An engineer aboard the icebreaker Araon prepared a helicopter with ice-penetrating radar for a flight over the Thwaites Glacier.
            </span>
            <span style="margin:0;font:11px/11px georgia,serif;color:#888;letter-spacing:.01em">
             Chang W. Lee/The New York Times
            </span>
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         </tbody>
        </table>
        <h2 style="color:#000;font:400 25px/32.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          Scanning Antarctica for clues to a faraway world
         </span>
        </h2>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Scientists on the icebreaker Araon have traveled a long way
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          to study Antarctica’s fast-shrinking Thwaites Glacier
         </a>
         <span>
          . But one team on the ship is doing research with an eye toward a place even farther away — about 1.8 billion miles farther.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          For more than six hours on Friday, one of the Araon’s helicopters flew over the Thwaites with three long radar antennas jutting from its belly. As the chopper battled strong winds, the radar peered into cracks inside the ice, which developed because the glacier is sliding so quickly out to sea.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The radar data will shed light on
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          how the glacier is breaking apart
         </a>
         <span>
          and contributing to rising seas here on Earth. It should also help researchers understand another place: Europa, an ice-covered moon of Jupiter that may support life. —
         </span>
         <span style="font-style:italic">
          Raymond Zhong
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          Read more
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          .
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         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          Watch as the scientists set foot on the Thwaites glacier
         </a>
         <span>
          .
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          You can follow all the updates at
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          nytimes.com/antarctica
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            <h2 class="css-hjhb8p" style="letter-spacing:.4px;font:700 17px/25px arial,sans-serif;color:#000;margin:0;padding:0">
             OTHER NYT CLIMATE NEWS
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                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
                 <img alt="A silhouette of a pump jack against the setting sun in Texas. " class="css-7y77sk" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F01%252F27%252Fmultimedia%252F27cli-paris-agreement-01-pkbm%252F27cli-paris-agreement-01-pkbm-square640.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3Njk1NDQzNDUuNjkzOTQwNH0:1vkpJp:vFpZkWfuTKzOBAjWgybcCqRvLp47I8mWp7KPX3JZoZ0" style="width:291px;box-sizing:border-box;vertical-align:top" width="291"/>
                 <p style="color:#888;font:11px/17px georgia,serif;margin:2px 0 0;text-align:right">
                  Paul Ratje for The New York Times
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                </a>
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               <td class="css-r8caib" style="min-width:291px;width:100%;vertical-align:top;box-sizing:border-box;padding-left:15px">
                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
                 <h3 style="color:#000;margin:0;padding:0 0 5px;font:700 20px/25px georgia,serif">
                  America Officially Leaves the Paris Climate Agreement. For the Second Time.
                 </h3>
                 <p class="css-1bi319l" style="color:#333;font:17px/22.5px georgia,serif;margin:0;margin-bottom:10px">
                  The United States is the only country to pull out of the global agreement among nations to fight climate change. European diplomats say the U.S. reputation is suffering.
                 </p>
                 <p style="color:#000;font:600 13px/18px arial,sans-serif;margin:0;letter-spacing:.2px">
                  By Lisa Friedman
                 </p>
                </a>
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               <td class="css-5i4540" style="display:inline-block;width:291px;max-width:291px;vertical-align:top">
                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
                 <img alt="Article Image" class="css-7y77sk" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F01%252F23%252Fmultimedia%252F23cli-av-data-stillpromo-thkc%252F23cli-av-data-stillpromo-thkc-square640.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3Njk1NDQzNDUuNjk0MTF9:1vkpJp:qk4yRg286hD6hPt26ZxjlYmLdqQ1tAjLZxhtL5M1hDQ" style="width:291px;box-sizing:border-box;vertical-align:top" width="291"/>
                 <p style="color:#888;font:11px/17px georgia,serif;margin:2px 0 0;text-align:right">
                  Chang W. Lee/The New York Times
                 </p>
                </a>
               </td>
               <td class="css-r8caib" style="min-width:291px;width:100%;vertical-align:top;box-sizing:border-box;padding-left:15px">
                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
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                  An Antarctic Terror: Sending Data to a Watery Grave
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                  In the unforgiving polar wilderness, scientists go to great lengths to safeguard the devices that gather precious data.
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                 <p style="color:#000;font:600 13px/18px arial,sans-serif;margin:0;letter-spacing:.2px">
                  By Raymond Zhong
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                </a>
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          </tr>
          <tr>
           <td class="css-11kh5w9" style="padding:0;padding-bottom:25px;border-top:1px solid #dcdcdc;padding-top:20px">
            <table role="presentation" style="width:100%">
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               <td class="css-5i4540" style="display:inline-block;width:291px;max-width:291px;vertical-align:top">
                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
                 <img alt="A woman in a jacket is staring at an empty strip of metal hung on a brick building where signs about slavery once hung.  " class="css-7y77sk" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F01%252F23%252Fmultimedia%252F23cli-history-01-twfj%252F23cli-history-01-twfj-square640.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3Njk1NDQzNDUuNjk0MjI2NX0:1vkpJp:dCjEQhVPpb6jOwS-m0WLL61SY6T45ucYAeUKvEc5TZ8" style="width:291px;box-sizing:border-box;vertical-align:top" width="291"/>
                 <p style="color:#888;font:11px/17px georgia,serif;margin:2px 0 0;text-align:right">
                  Rachel Wisniewski for The New York Times
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                </a>
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                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
                 <h3 style="color:#000;margin:0;padding:0 0 5px;font:700 20px/25px georgia,serif">
                  How the National Park Service Is Deleting American History
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                  Philadelphia sued the Trump administration after it directed the Park Service to rip out a memorial to slavery. Elsewhere, materials about climate change and labor history were being removed.
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                 <p style="color:#000;font:600 13px/18px arial,sans-serif;margin:0;letter-spacing:.2px">
                  By Maxine Joselow and Jennifer Schuessler
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            <table role="presentation" style="width:100%">
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               <td class="css-5i4540" style="display:inline-block;width:291px;max-width:291px;vertical-align:top">
                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
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                  Jalen Wright for The New York Times
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                  Rising Arctic temperatures and melting sea ice could be causing cold air to flow into the Northern Hemisphere. But not all scientists agree.
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                 <p style="color:#000;font:600 13px/18px arial,sans-serif;margin:0;letter-spacing:.2px">
                  By Eric Niiler
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           <td class="css-11kh5w9" style="padding:0;padding-bottom:25px;border-top:1px solid #dcdcdc;padding-top:20px">
            <table role="presentation" style="width:100%">
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              <tr>
               <td class="css-5i4540" style="display:inline-block;width:291px;max-width:291px;vertical-align:top">
                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
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                  Callaghan O'Hare for The New York Times
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                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
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                  Energy Dept. Says It Is Canceling $30 Billion in Clean Energy Loans
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                  Many of the cancellations had been known for months, but the announcement underscored the drastic change in the energy landscape under President Trump.
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                 <p style="color:#000;font:600 13px/18px arial,sans-serif;margin:0;letter-spacing:.2px">
                  By Brad Plumer
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           <td class="css-11kh5w9" style="padding:0;padding-bottom:25px;border-top:1px solid #dcdcdc;padding-top:20px">
            <table role="presentation" style="width:100%">
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                  Tamir Kalifa for The New York Times
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                  The Metals Company, a prominent seabed-mining company, applauded the change and filed a new application more than doubling the area it hopes to mine.
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                 <p style="color:#000;font:600 13px/18px arial,sans-serif;margin:0;letter-spacing:.2px">
                  By Sachi Kitajima Mulkey
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