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   DealBook: Much ado about meme stocks
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   But what to do about it?
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             October 19, 2021
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              Good morning. (Was this newsletter forwarded to you?
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                  Nothing to see here?
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                  Ian C. Bates for The New York Times
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             Market mechanics
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             The frenzied trading in shares of GameStop, AMC and other so-called meme stocks in January led to big losses for some hedge funds, an outcry from retail investors who were abruptly shut out from trading and calls from Capitol Hill to overhaul market rules. But a long-awaited S.E.C. report about those events, released yesterday, concluded that the markets operated largely as intended, debunking conspiracy theories. The report
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              proposed no policy changes
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             .
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              Is that it?
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             The
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              45-page report
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             was simply meant to describe events, a senior S.E.C. official told reporters. But many observers anticipated much more, considering that the S.E.C. chairman, Gary Gensler, has hinted at big changes to the way markets work.
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              What about payment for order flow?
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             Gensler recently suggested that the way some popular retail brokerages are compensated by bigger Wall Street firms
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              may have to change
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             . Payment for order flow — when brokerage firms sell the right to execute retail investors’ trades to bigger trading houses, like Robinhood does with Citadel Securities — has long drawn criticism about conflicts of interest. (A
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              class-action suit by retail investors
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             against Robinhood took particular issue with the practice.) These concerns were noted in the S.E.C.’s report, but payment for order flow was not fundamentally challenged.
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              And settlement times?
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             Speeding up the settlement cycle, the report suggested, could help avoid a repeat of the January trading chaos. At the peak of the meme-stock surge, Robinhood and other platforms limited trading in certain shares after the industry-run clearinghouse that settles most stock trades — a process that takes two days — demanded billions in additional cash. The S.E.C. said that the clearinghouse’s demands were a sign of the market working normally, but policymakers should consider ways to speed up settlement times to reduce the impact of future margin calls. Robinhood has pushed this point since it was caught out during the meme-stock mania.
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              Gamification?
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             The report singled out the ways that trading platforms may encourage excessive trading through gamelike prompts as ripe for new rules, in tune with a
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              recent speech
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             by Gensler taking issue with “psychological nudges” in trading apps. In March, Robinhood removed a feature that set off animated confetti when users reach various trading milestones.
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             Tyler Gellasch, a former S.E.C. lawyer who now heads the Healthy Markets Association, called the report a “heavily negotiated document” that “was never going to break new ground.” Still, it will serve as “one more piece of evidence to support market structure reforms,” he said.
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             HERE’S WHAT’S HAPPENING
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              President Biden’s paid leave ambitions may be curtailed.
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             His proposal for 12 weeks of leave for new parents, caretakers and those with serious medical conditions
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              may be drastically shortened
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             as Democrats seek ways to cut costs from his $3.5 trillion spending plan to appease moderates. The plan’s defenders said more generous leave would bolster the U.S. labor market.
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             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              The F.D.A.’s Covid booster plan could deal a blow to Johnson &amp; Johnson.
             </span>
             The agency will allow people to get a
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              different vaccine as a booster
             </a>
             than what they originally received. That could reduce the use of J.&amp;J.’s shot: A study presented last week showed that recipients of that single-dose vaccine who received a Moderna booster saw a 76-fold rise in antibody levels, compared with a fourfold increase after an additional J.&amp;J. dose.
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             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              Axel Springer ousts a top editor over workplace behavior reports.
             </span>
             The media giant
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              dismissed Julian Reichelt
             </a>
             from Bild, Germany’s most powerful newspaper, after The Times reported on
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              details of his relationship
             </a>
             with a trainee. The scandal cast a shadow on Axel Springer at a crucial moment, as the KKR-backed media company prepares to close its takeover of Politico.
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              Bill Gates was warned about emails to a female employee in 2008.
             </span>
             Microsoft executives told the billionaire, then the company’s chairman, that the “flirtatious” messages
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              were “inappropriate
             </a>
             .” A spokeswoman for Gates
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              called the claims
             </a>
             “false, recycled rumors.” The Times
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              previously reported
             </a>
             that the Microsoft co-founder had pursued female employees.
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              A labor shortage hit Zillow’s stock.
             </span>
             Shares in the real estate company fell nearly 10 percent yesterday after it said it would
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              stop buying and flipping houses
             </a>
             for the remainder of the year. Zillow said it didn’t have enough on-the-ground workers to run the business, though
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              competitors were skeptical
             </a>
             .
            </p>
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            <h2 class="css-12n1aic el2acgh0" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
             When will oil peak?
            </h2>
           </td>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             Oil prices are trading at seven-year highs, with the cost of U.S. benchmark crude up 70 percent this year, at more than $80 per barrel. It’s part of a global energy crunch that is pushing prices higher for all types of fuels, including natural gas and coal.
            </p>
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                <img class="css-ivj8p2 e1aggfhi0" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2021%252F10%252F19%252Fbusiness%252F19db-oilprice%252F19db-oilprice-articleLarge.png/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSJ9:1mcmyD:QB48qbRZ6UC0VOpjHEBgk9k7YKsiAnkO0h-giH7Am4c" style="width:83%;max-width:500px;display:inline-block;height:auto;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:30px;line-height:0"/>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              Many Wall Street forecasters believe oil prices are about to peak.
             </span>
             Oil usage is up from 2020 but below what it was in 2019, when oil prices were lower than they are now. Analysts at Goldman Sachs last week predicted that the
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              price of a barrel of oil could average $85 per barrel
             </a>
             for the next few years.
            </p>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              But some traders are betting oil will rise much more.
             </span>
             The most widely held option is one that pays out if oil rises higher than $100 a barrel by the end of December. Options trades with strike prices as high as $200 by the end of next year have also been made lately,
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              according to The Wall Street Journal
             </a>
             .
            </p>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              Who is right?
             </span>
             The question of whether oil prices have nearly peaked or are about to rise much higher rests on what’s driving them up in the first place. Two possibilities:
            </p>
           </td>
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            <ul class="css-27qc8p e1darl2c0" style="color:#000;font:20px georgia,serif;text-align:left;padding-left:50px;list-style-type:square;margin-bottom:10px">
             <li class="css-11scvta e1y8brq21" style="line-height:27.5px;margin:0 0 10px 0">
              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
                Short-term, pandemic-induced disruptions:
               </span>
               Demand for oil — like the market for many goods — is rising faster than producers can ramp up supply (or, in the case of OPEC,
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                are willing to
               </a>
               ). If that is the case, oil prices are probably near their highs. With China’s economy slowing and the U.S. recovery hitting a weak patch, oil demand is not likely to grow very rapidly in the near future. That should give supply time to catch up, especially as pandemic disruptions fade.
              </span>
             </li>
             <li class="css-11scvta e1y8brq21" style="line-height:27.5px;margin:0 0 10px 0">
              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
                A long-term mismatch between supply and demand rooted in climate change:
               </span>
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                A recent report
               </a>
               from the International Energy Agency found that in order for countries like the U.S. to become carbon neutral by 2050, oil usage must peak by 2025. Yet, based on current investments, green power generation won’t be enough to supplant oil consumption until 2035. This year’s price jump could be the market’s warning sign about future energy crunches and price spikes.
              </span>
             </li>
            </ul>
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                <img class="css-ivj8p2 e1aggfhi0" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2021%252F10%252F19%252Fbusiness%252F19db-ransomware%252F19db-ransomware-articleLarge.png/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSJ9:1mcmyD:QB48qbRZ6UC0VOpjHEBgk9k7YKsiAnkO0h-giH7Am4c" style="width:83%;max-width:500px;display:inline-block;height:auto;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:30px;line-height:0"/>
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            <h2 class="css-12n1aic el2acgh0" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
             “Perhaps the most immediate risk posed by cryptocurrencies stems from the anonymity they allow. The United States does not permit large numbers of dollars to move both anonymously and electronically.”
            </h2>
           </td>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-style:italic;font-size:inherit">
              —Justin Muzinich, a former deputy secretary of the Treasury Department, writing in
             </span>
             <span style="font-style:italic;font-size:inherit">
              <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
               Foreign Affairs
              </a>
             </span>
             <span style="font-style:italic;font-size:inherit">
              on “America’s crypto conundrum.” The Biden administration
             </span>
             <span style="font-style:italic;font-size:inherit">
              <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
               warned yesterday
              </a>
             </span>
             <span style="font-style:italic;font-size:inherit">
              that cryptocurrencies could weaken the country’s sanctions program, and a recent
             </span>
             <span style="font-style:italic;font-size:inherit">
              <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
               Treasury report
              </a>
             </span>
             <span style="font-style:italic;font-size:inherit">
              detailed how crypto-enabled ransomware attacks against U.S. infrastructure targets are rising sharply.
             </span>
            </p>
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             <tbody>
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               <td align="center" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1;text-align:center" width="100%">
                <img class="css-17i7zb3 e1aggfhi0" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2021%252F10%252F19%252Fbusiness%252F19db-colinpowell%252F19db-colinpowell-articleLarge.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSJ9:1mcmyD:QB48qbRZ6UC0VOpjHEBgk9k7YKsiAnkO0h-giH7Am4c" style="width:83%;max-width:500px;display:inline-block;height:auto;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:0;line-height:0"/>
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                <span class="css-14c9rv6 e1aggfhi2" style="width:83%;max-width:500px;display:inline-block;text-align:left">
                 <span class="css-2zlgwg e1aggfhi3" style="margin:0;font:normal 12px georgia,serif;color:#666">
                  Secretary of State Colin L. Powell in February 2001.
                 </span>
                 <span style="margin:0;font:normal 11px georgia,serif;padding-left:5px;color:#888;letter-spacing:.01em">
                  Kenneth Lambert/Associated Press
                 </span>
                </span>
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            <h2 class="css-12n1aic el2acgh0" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
             Remembering Colin Powell
            </h2>
           </td>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             Colin Powell,
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              who died yesterday
             </a>
             at age 84, is remembered for his many roles in government, including secretary of state, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and national security adviser. But he’ll also be remembered as a friend and adviser to corporate America.
            </p>
           </td>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              Powell regularly worked in the business world between stints in government.
             </span>
             In the 1990s, he was on the board of AOL. And soon after
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              stepping down as secretary of state
             </a>
             in 2005, he was hired by the venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins as a “
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              strategic limited partner
             </a>
             ” before joining boards like that of the fuel cell company Bloom Energy. His work as a board member of Salesforce came to light in 2016 when
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              leaked emails
             </a>
             showed his frequent messages to the C.E.O. Marc Benioff on everything from small talk to potential M.&amp;A. targets.
            </p>
           </td>
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       </div>
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            <p style="color:#000;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 15px">
             <span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit;font-family:arial,sans-serif">
              “Thank you General Powell for everything you did for me,”
             </span>
             <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
              Benioff tweeted
             </a>
             yesterday.
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              Steve Case
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               In I.P.O. news:
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                Volvo
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               plans to go public next week at a $23 billion valuation, while the clothing-rental company
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                Rent the Runway
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               is aiming to be valued at $1.5 billion. (FT, WSJ)
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               Venture capital is having a bumper year, but venture capitalists fear it won’t last. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                WSJ
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               The German digital banking start-up N26 raised new funds at a $9 billion valuation, on par with the 151-year-old Commerzbank. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                Bloomberg
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               )
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               The Ford Foundation is divesting its holdings in fossil-fuel companies. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                AP
               </a>
               )
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               The Justice Department urged the Supreme Court to temporarily block Texas’ new abortion law. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                NYT
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               A federal judge ruled that the University of North Carolina could keep its affirmative action admissions policy. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                NYT
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               )
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               “The 5 dumbest takes on Pete Buttigieg’s paternity leave.” (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                Washingtonian
               </a>
               )
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               American Express will let employees work remotely for up to four weeks a year. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                Reuters
               </a>
               )
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               Did a typo nearly a century ago in a Supreme Court opinion affect decades’ worth of court rulings in property cases? (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                NYT
               </a>
               )
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               Apple unveiled new MacBooks and updated, slightly more expensive AirPods. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                NYT
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               Washington State University fired its football coach, Nick Rolovich, and four of his assistants for refusing to comply with the state’s vaccine mandate (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                NYT
               </a>
               )
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              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               First the car industry suffered from a dearth of computer chips. Now it’s dealing with a shortage of magnesium. (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                FT
               </a>
               )
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             <li class="css-11scvta e1y8brq21" style="line-height:27.5px;margin:0 0 10px 0">
              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               Related: What do car salespeople do all day with so few cars to sell? (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                WSJ
               </a>
               )
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              <span style="font-size:17px;line-height:25px">
               The succession saga at the publishing company Scholastic is juicy enough to feature in, well, “Succession.” (
               <a class="css-5nb5nb et1n85g0" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
                NYT
               </a>
               )
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