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font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
.typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two,
.typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two,
.typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three,
.typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three,
.typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four,
.typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four {
height: 200px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
.typography .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img,
.typography.editor .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img {
max-height: 180px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
.typography .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description,
.typography.editor .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.typography .markup .apple-podcast-container,
.typography.editor .markup .apple-podcast-container {
width: unset;
}
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
.typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substack-app-embed-img,
.typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substack-app-embed-img {
margin: 0 auto 16px auto;
}
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
.typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-text,
.typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-text {
margin: 0 0 12px 0;
max-width: 100%;
width: auto;
text-align: center;
}
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
.typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-link,
.typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-link {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
.share-button-container {
height: 38px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
.share-button-container a.comment {
height: 38px;
line-height: 38px;
padding-right: 10px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
.share-button-container .separator {
display: block;
margin: 0;
height: 8px;
border-left: none;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
.share-button-container a.share.first img {
padding-left: 0;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
.share-button-container a.mobile {
display: none !important;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
.settings-add-pub-modal-wrapper .container .add-recommending-pub-modal-container {
padding: 36px;
height: 680px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
.settings-add-pub-modal-wrapper .container .add-recommending-pub-modal-container .footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 36px;
margin: 0px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.header-anchor-parent {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
.post {
padding: 16px 0 0 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.post .post-header .post-label {
margin-top: 8px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.post .post-header .meta-author-wrap.alternative-meta .meta-right-column .post-meta {
margin-top: 6px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.post .footer-facepile-container {
height: 64px;
padding: 0 16px;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: flex-start;
width: 100%;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.post .post-footer.use-separators {
justify-content: center;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.post .post-footer.next-prev {
height: 64px;
justify-content: space-between;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-table {
display: block;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-table-row {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-userhead-cell,
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-cell {
display: block;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-cell {
flex-grow: 1;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-table {
display: block;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-table-row {
display: block;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-copy-cell,
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls-cell {
display: block;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-copy-cell {
margin: 0 0 16px 0;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls-cell {
width: auto;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls {
margin: auto;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls .button.primary {
width: 100%;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-text {
font-size: 14px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) {
.post-silhouette {
padding: 32px 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.post-silhouette .post-silhouette-title {
margin-top: 10.44225025px;
height: 120px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.post-silhouette .post-silhouette-meta {
width: 75%;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.post-silhouette .post-silhouette-meta.with-byline-image {
margin: 20px 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item,
.post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item {
padding-right: 16px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
.use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item,
.post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item {
font-size: 14px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item.guest-author-publication,
.post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item.guest-author-publication {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
.post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button {
height: 36px !important;
/* important to override in-line height style on emails */
}
.post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button .meta-button-label {
display: none;
}
.post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button > svg {
margin-right: 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
.post-meta .post-meta-item {
font-size: 12px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.post .floating-subscribe-button {
bottom: 20px;
right: 20px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
body .pullquote-align-left,
body .pullquote-align-right,
body .pullquote-align-wide,
body .pullquote-align-center {
float: none;
margin: 0 auto;
width: 100%;
max-width: 100%;
}
}
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) {
body .markup table.image-wrapper img,
body .markup table.kindle-wrapper img {
max-width: 550px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
body:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left) {
margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
}
body:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right) {
margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
}
}
@media (min-width: 1300px) {
body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left) {
margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
}
body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right) {
margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
}
}
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
body {
/* Disable offset on mobile/tablet */
}
body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left),
body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right) {
float: none;
margin: 1em auto;
max-width: 100%;
width: auto;
padding: 0;
}
body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left.thefp),
body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right.thefp) {
margin: 1em auto;
}
body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left),
body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right) {
margin: 1em auto;
}
body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left) .image2-inset,
body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right) .image2-inset {
display: block;
justify-content: initial;
}
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
body .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed {
margin-top: 24px;
margin-bottom: 24px;
}
body .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed:first-child {
margin-top: 0px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
body .markup div.youtube-overlay,
body .markup div.vimeo-overlay {
display: none !important;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
body .markup div.tiktok-wrap {
width: calc(95vw - 32px);
height: calc((95vw - 32px - 2px) / 0.485714);
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
body .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-publication.show-subscribe {
padding: 24px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscribe,
body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-widget.show-subscribe,
body .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscribe {
padding: 0px 24px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-widget.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
body .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button {
padding: 10px 12px;
min-width: 110px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
body .markup .tweet {
padding: 12px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
body .markup .tweet .tweet-text {
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two,
body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three,
body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four {
height: 200px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
body .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img {
max-height: 180px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
body .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
body .markup .apple-podcast-container {
width: unset;
}
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
body .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substack-app-embed-img {
margin: 0 auto 16px auto;
}
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
body .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-text {
margin: 0 0 12px 0;
max-width: 100%;
width: auto;
text-align: center;
}
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
body .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-link {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 500px) {
body .header a.logo {
width: 42px;
height: 42px;
border-radius: 12px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 420px) {
body .subscription-receipt table:first-of-type .subscription-amount .subscription-discount {
width: 72px !important;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
body .share-button-container {
height: auto;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
body .share-button-container .separator {
display: block !important;
margin: 0 !important;
height: 8px !important;
border-left: none !important;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.digest .item .post-meta-item.audience {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 500px) {
.digest-publication .logo img {
width: 42px;
height: 42px;
border-radius: 8px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.comments-page .container .comment-list .collapsed-reply {
margin-left: calc(10 + 32px - 24px);
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.comment > .comment-list {
padding-left: 24px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.finish-magic-login-modal .modal-content .container {
padding: 24px 0;
}
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
.reader2-text-b3 {
line-height: 24px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.reader2-text-h4 {
line-height: 24px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
.user-profile-modal {
padding-left: 12px;
padding-right: 12px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.subscribe-widget form.form .sideBySideWrap button.rightButton {
padding: 10px 12px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
.pub-icon:hover .logo-hover,
.feed-item-icon:hover .logo-hover {
display: block;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button-wrapper {
width: 100%;
padding: 16px;
}
.post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button-wrapper:empty {
display: none;
}
.post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button {
width: 100%;
justify-content: center;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
.file-embed-wrapper {
padding: 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
.file-embed-wrapper-editor {
padding: 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
.file-embed-wrapper-editor:active {
padding: 0;
}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.file-embed-button.wide,
.file-embed-error-button.wide {
display: none;
}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 630px) {
.file-embed-button.narrow,
.file-embed-error-button.narrow {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
.audio-player-wrapper .audio-player {
min-width: 500px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.audio-player-wrapper .audio-player .audio-player-progress {
border-left-width: 16px;
border-right-width: 16px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.audio-player-wrapper .audio-player .audio-player-progress .audio-player-progress-bar .audio-player-progress-bar-popup {
top: -54px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-progress {
border-left-width: 16px;
border-right-width: 16px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-progress .audio-player-progress-bar .audio-player-progress-bar-popup {
top: -54px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 250px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player {
padding: 32px;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
display: flex;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:last-of-type {
display: block;
}
}
@media (min-width: 300px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
display: block;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-type {
display: block;
}
}
@media (min-width: 350px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-substack-logo {
display: block;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-title {
margin-top: 16px;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-container {
padding-top: 15%;
width: 15%;
display: block;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-type {
display: block;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-substack-logo {
display: block;
}
}
@media (min-width: 350px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-container {
padding-top: 25%;
width: 25%;
display: block;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
display: flex;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-type {
display: block;
}
}
@media (min-width: 400px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-container {
padding-top: 40%;
width: 40%;
}
}
@media (max-width: 400px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
margin-top: 12px;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button {
font-size: 13px;
padding: 6px 12px;
height: auto;
margin-top: 10px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 600px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-container {
padding-top: 55%;
width: 55%;
}
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
.poll-editor-modal {
min-width: calc(100% - 20px);
}
}
@media (max-width: 750px) {
.poll-embed .poll-anchor-target .poll-anchor-copy-button {
left: 8px;
top: 45px;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body class="email-body" style="font-kerning: auto;--image-offset-margin: -120px;">
<img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Feotrx.substackcdn.com%252Fopen%253Ftoken%253DeyJtIjoiPDIwMjUxMDI3MTgwNjI0LjMuNjc2MzcxMzU4ZGVhNmVmMkBtZzIuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tPiIsInUiOjE1NjU2NTkzLCJyIjoiYTNlYzkyYmVAdWlmZWVkLmNvbSIsImQiOiJtZzIuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tIiwicCI6MTc3MjI3ODU0LCJ0IjoibmV3c2xldHRlciIsImEiOiJldmVyeW9uZSIsInMiOjEsImMiOiJwb3N0IiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJ0b3AiLCJpYXQiOjE3NjE1ODg1NDksImV4cCI6MTc2NDE4MDU0OSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJlbyJ9.KOCXmIEC5Mo8gDzTYqoBpCPGmlzuqaeOW_DpmPjwpA8/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZlb3RyeC5zdWJzdCIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTYzMjE0NH0:1vDRea:bah90QqyT2Asw4fKO7K2IH611WCYPKdQoFVgZ_tZpXU" style="height:1px !important;width:1px !important;border-width:0 !important;margin-top:0 !important;margin-bottom:0 !important;margin-right:0 !important;margin-left:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;padding-bottom:0 !important;padding-right:0 !important;padding-left:0 !important;" width="1"/>
<div class="preview" style="display:none;font-size:1px;color:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;">
Why Substack has a feed, how to use it, and what we have learned from those who are building it.
</div>
<div class="preview" style="display:none;font-size:1px;color:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;">
͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="email-body-container" role="presentation" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td class="content" width="550">
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td align="left" class="content" width="550">
<div style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;max-width: 550px;width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;overflow-wrap: break-word;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="right" style="height:20px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" width="auto">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<span class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ tw-font-body tw-text-ssm tw-text-substack-secondary" style="font-family: SF Pro Text, -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Inter, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol;font-size: 13px;color: unset;list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;">
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Demystifying the feed
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Why Substack has a feed, how to use it, and what we have learned from those who are building it.
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<time datetime="2025-10-27T18:08:53.320Z" style="padding-top: 2px;padding-bottom: 2px;overflow-y: visible;overflow-x: hidden;white-space: nowrap;text-overflow: ellipsis;">
Oct 27
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<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<span>
In the past three months, the Substack app has driven nearly half a million paid subscriptions and more than 32 million free subscriptions to writers and creators. Most of these connections come from the
</span>
<a rel="" style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;">
feed
</a>
<span>
, which anchors the app and has become the heartbeat of discovery on Substack. There’s a lot of curiosity about why Substack built the feed and how exactly it’s designed. Members of the Substack team recently spoke to a group of publishers in New York for a look behind the scenes. Here’s what we shared.
</span>
</p>
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<strong>
Why a feed?
</strong>
</h3>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
Substack co-founder Hamish McKenzie opened the night by answering the question directly. Writers and creators, he said, have always had to go somewhere online to promote their work and reach new audiences. The problem is that other platforms aren’t built for the success of these creators.
</p>
<blockquote style="border-left: 4px solid #FF7731;margin: 20px 0;padding: 0;">
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);margin-left: 20px;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<em>
“Social networks have gone in a pretty weird direction. They’re playing a different kind of game, which is based on keeping you stuck in an endless scroll because that’s what their business needs. They need you to never leave the app. They need you to not go seek out a longform post or a deeper experience with a writer you trust. We do nothing to stop you from leaving Substack except show that we are providing enough value that you want to stay. We only make money when you make money, and you have the ability to leave anytime you want. We’re building this social network of discovery and discussion features to give writers and creators more power, and to give consumers the ability to vote for the culture that they want to thrive by voting with their dollars instead of just being turned into sort of mindless bots who scroll a feed.”
</em>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
The feed’s algorithm is designed with the same principle that guides everything at Substack: helping audiences connect with work they genuinely love while giving publishers the means to build lasting, independent businesses.
</p>
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<div class="pencraft pc-reset" style="text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;font-size: 15px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 400;">
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Hamish McKenzie
</span>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;">
3d
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Notes from a speech about Notes
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<td>
<img class="pencraft pc-width-400 pc-reset pc-borderRadius-md" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521BUHr%2521%252Cw_800%252Ch_800%252Cc_limit%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0ebf8697-a0e9-4a53-b7ca-a53576032f05_5712x4284.jpeg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY1NDYwNn0:1vDRea:ibAUogu2_nZaVvqQvM9qpdp_dweSGfzakOmdoBB8KZU" style="text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;border-radius: 12px;width: 400px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;max-height: 600px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="12">
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="width:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521X3xM%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FLucideHeart%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526fill%253Dnone%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY1NjMyMn0:1vDRea:33lygU-gCdEsMMc4C7SU0c_qAk4iOSHVJwrwoTdgvZY" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
173
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521xO59%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FNoteReplyIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY1Nzk4Mn0:1vDRea:SYdnpm0UnSw4O0PnO9SEx6v1evs2sqzJ-Nhh_LJCeto" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%25213dzv%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FNoteForwardIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY1OTQ5M30:1vDRea:e0Bt3Zyf_Oq1kP7AifyDV3KtnCyLvgM8puZWl5xtm3Y" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
15
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521CLXH%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FMoreIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526fill%253D%252523808080%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D4/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY2MTEyfQ:1vDRea:yjhdgWYRO63rXMFc0VcLgy1py1F4asmwJDRQ5HO7Hj4" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<blockquote style="border-left: 4px solid #FF7731;margin: 20px 0;padding: 0;">
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);margin-left: 20px;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<span>
Read more from Hamish about the feed:
</span>
<em>
<a rel="" style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;">
Substack is a social media app
</a>
</em>
</p>
</blockquote>
<div style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<hr style="margin: 32px 0;padding: 0;height: 1px;background: #e1e1e1;border: none;"/>
</div>
<h3 class="header-anchor-post" style="position: relative;font-family: 'SF Pro Display',-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: bold;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;-webkit-appearance: optimizelegibility;-moz-appearance: optimizelegibility;appearance: optimizelegibility;margin: 1em 0 0.625em 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 1.16em;font-size: 1.375em;">
<strong>
Finding your audience through Notes
</strong>
</h3>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
Notes, like any gathering place on the internet, attracts all kinds of characters: the memelords, the cat posters, the photo-gallery-loving members of the Tumblr diaspora. There’s no single recipe for success.
</p>
<blockquote style="border-left: 4px solid #FF7731;margin: 20px 0;padding: 0;">
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);margin-left: 20px;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<em>
<a rel="" style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;">
A field guide to Notes posters
</a>
</em>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
But there is one practical throughline: the feed is designed to help you reach beyond your existing audience and point new people to your work.
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
At the event in New York, members of the team acknowledged that most creatives want to focus on their work, not marketing it. But using Notes to share your value proposition—who you are, what you do, and why someone might care—can help the right audience find you.
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<strong>
<span class="mention-pnpTE1 mentionStatic-liMklk" data-component-name="MentionStatic" style="white-space: nowrap;cursor: pointer;color: #FF7731;border-radius: 4px;transition: color .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),background-color .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),box-shadow .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),border .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),opacity .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),filter .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),stroke .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),transform .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),scale .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),outline .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1);margin: 0 -.125em;padding: 0 .125em .0625em;text-decoration: none;">
<a style="color: #FF7731;text-decoration: none;-webkit-text-decoration: none;">
Julie Fratantoni, PhD
</a>
</span>
</strong>
<span>
often posts notes that very explicitly share who she is and why she is on Substack. This note drove
</span>
<strong>
32,535 new subscribers
</strong>
<span>
and a
</span>
<strong>
$4,546 revenue increase
</strong>
<span>
.
</span>
</p>
<a class="pencraft pc-display-block pc-padding-16 pc-reset border-detail-EGrm7T pc-borderRadius-md color-primary-zABazT note-flsrqQ" data-component-name="EmailCommentEmbed" style="text-decoration: none;list-style: none;border-radius: 12px;display: block;padding: 16px;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);background-color: rgb(255,255,255);margin: 10px auto;color: rgb(54,55,55);">
</a>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="width:100%;" width="auto">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<img class="custom-css-email-avatar avatar-QIQ5yR" height="48" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521z9S1%2521%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F74100fdf-f87c-432a-b16a-db89026dc3ce_1750x1750.jpeg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY2MjY2N30:1vDRea:gy47CvwRRGMboCVJAVgPyZFgYkd7FQYPD8Mkc9txDlM" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 500000px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;width: 48px;height: 48px;min-width: 48px;min-height: 48px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px;display: inline" width="48"/>
</td>
<td style="min-width: 12px" width="12">
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="line-height:1;width:100%;" width="auto">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="pencraft pc-reset" style="text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;font-size: 15px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 400;">
<span class="pencraft pc-reset weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-weight: 600;">
Julie Fratantoni, PhD
</span>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;">
1mo
</span>
</div>
<div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;font-size: 15px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 400;">
You can eat all the protein you want but your muscles won’t grow if you don’t use them.
It’s the same for the brain.
You can live a healthy lifestyle but if you don’t engage in critical thinking those skills will atrophy.
I’m a cognitive neuroscientist who has spent the past 12 years obsessing over how to improve brain performance. I write about simple ways you can extend your cognitive longevity.
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="12">
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="width:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521X3xM%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FLucideHeart%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526fill%253Dnone%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY2NDI5fQ:1vDRea:AasmGjijMQEAu5UJLszneBxkwfkXSnMMCAg4KLoHU74" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
25.4K
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521xO59%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FNoteReplyIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY2NTgzOH0:1vDRea:Dqk9zzA8t7SI4nlorYy_Z9X13emVjFHf5SMFR8O06KM" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%25213dzv%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FNoteForwardIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY2NzMzNX0:1vDRea:o_7nCMKXQvCgES4SLmE11HiCECy-BvpZHW0gS-UWzxY" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
872
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521CLXH%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FMoreIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526fill%253D%252523808080%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D4/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY2ODg2OH0:1vDRea:8K3FZr7rp8k3CkTqr_IHnnELeGrVXsh-OQEf_ur8AQM" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<strong>
<span class="mention-pnpTE1 mentionStatic-liMklk" data-component-name="MentionStatic" style="white-space: nowrap;cursor: pointer;color: #FF7731;border-radius: 4px;transition: color .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),background-color .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),box-shadow .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),border .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),opacity .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),filter .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),stroke .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),transform .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),scale .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),outline .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1);margin: 0 -.125em;padding: 0 .125em .0625em;text-decoration: none;">
<a style="color: #FF7731;text-decoration: none;-webkit-text-decoration: none;">
Anna Lena Feunekes
</a>
</span>
</strong>
<span>
posted a set of illustrations with a crisp explanation of what her newsletter delivers. From this note alone, she picked up nearly
</span>
<strong>
4,000 new subscribers.
</strong>
</p>
<a class="pencraft pc-display-block pc-padding-16 pc-reset border-detail-EGrm7T pc-borderRadius-md color-primary-zABazT note-flsrqQ" data-component-name="EmailCommentEmbed" style="text-decoration: none;list-style: none;border-radius: 12px;display: block;padding: 16px;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);background-color: rgb(255,255,255);margin: 10px auto;color: rgb(54,55,55);">
</a>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="width:100%;" width="auto">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<img class="custom-css-email-avatar avatar-QIQ5yR" height="48" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521G1tm%2521%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F353993a2-b373-48dc-bfec-a9c746b4c9f0_816x816.png/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY3MDQxNX0:1vDRea:3_A_7S_5hZrH8xxZ7pxo2eZjzQipgz6RcYBe2V0tF-4" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 500000px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;width: 48px;height: 48px;min-width: 48px;min-height: 48px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px;display: inline" width="48"/>
</td>
<td style="min-width: 12px" width="12">
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="line-height:1;width:100%;" width="auto">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="pencraft pc-reset" style="text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;font-size: 15px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 400;">
<span class="pencraft pc-reset weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-weight: 600;">
Anna Lena Feunekes
</span>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;">
2mo
</span>
</div>
<div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;font-size: 15px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 400;">
i write & draw a newsletter that’s called ‘the illustrated kitchen’ and my new illustrated recipe is coming out tomorrow!! i’m sooo excited to show you, but here is some previous recipes you might like.
</div>
</div>
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<tr height="12">
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</td>
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<tr>
<td>
<img class="pencraft pc-width-400 pc-reset pc-borderRadius-md" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521PA5u%2521%252Cw_800%252Ch_800%252Cc_limit%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fc6d7338f-b75f-484a-b0ed-a49e5c395beb_2480x3508.jpeg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY3MTk0fQ:1vDRea:hJtvv_AACOu-UmyJs51COpZb5j5qZRDcuj00BJc6T7Q" style="text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;border-radius: 12px;width: 400px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;max-height: 600px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px"/>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="width:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
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<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521X3xM%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FLucideHeart%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526fill%253Dnone%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY3MzU4fQ:1vDRea:3HPYNtbl8lRPyKMS6uw7ux4dNLHgJc696V-o0Bp4lSE" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
7.4K
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521xO59%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FNoteReplyIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY3NTEwN30:1vDRea:MCYzGPl8pUSX8Nik262I11zp6nsFeX4OT0otWdkwIvc" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%25213dzv%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FNoteForwardIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY3NjYyNn0:1vDRea:-FqJ9mPe46uVB9LygujKM9s36dZ10eF4IKFw6U5zIns" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
217
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521CLXH%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FMoreIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526fill%253D%252523808080%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D4/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY3ODIwN30:1vDRea:8k5S3KNfIiKnABIwTYZ6MlVibdCXtcW4l0W99IMUjUY" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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</td>
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</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<span>
Food creator
</span>
<strong>
<span class="mention-pnpTE1 mentionStatic-liMklk" data-component-name="MentionStatic" style="white-space: nowrap;cursor: pointer;color: #FF7731;border-radius: 4px;transition: color .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),background-color .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),box-shadow .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),border .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),opacity .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),filter .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),stroke .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),transform .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),scale .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),outline .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1);margin: 0 -.125em;padding: 0 .125em .0625em;text-decoration: none;">
<a style="color: #FF7731;text-decoration: none;-webkit-text-decoration: none;">
Olivia Noceda
</a>
</span>
</strong>
<span>
posted a short cooking video that organically communicated her value proposition: subscribers get access to her recipes. This specific note brought in
</span>
<strong>
437 new subscribers
</strong>
<span>
and
</span>
<strong>
$480 in revenue
</strong>
<span>
.
</span>
</p>
<a class="pencraft pc-display-block pc-padding-16 pc-reset border-detail-EGrm7T pc-borderRadius-md color-primary-zABazT note-flsrqQ" data-component-name="EmailCommentEmbed" style="text-decoration: none;list-style: none;border-radius: 12px;display: block;padding: 16px;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);background-color: rgb(255,255,255);margin: 10px auto;color: rgb(54,55,55);">
</a>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="width:100%;" width="auto">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<img class="custom-css-email-avatar avatar-QIQ5yR" height="48" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521LGWX%2521%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fc9471449-6419-402a-825e-06e33e0d15c9_1708x2278.jpeg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY3OTcyNn0:1vDRea:R_o4iOyzR_Mul-PqV9mn7fYYXehpoNv9WEyQxqhpq6g" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 500000px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;width: 48px;height: 48px;min-width: 48px;min-height: 48px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px;display: inline" width="48"/>
</td>
<td style="min-width: 12px" width="12">
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="line-height:1;width:100%;" width="auto">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="pencraft pc-reset" style="text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;font-size: 15px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 400;">
<span class="pencraft pc-reset weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-weight: 600;">
Olivia Noceda
</span>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;">
6mo
</span>
</div>
<div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;font-size: 15px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 400;">
recipe is up & ready to be made 🩷
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="12">
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img class="pencraft pc-width-400 pc-reset pc-borderRadius-md" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%25210c5u%2521%252Cw_1100%252Ch_1100%252Cc_pad%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fl_play_button_usfui2%252Cw_144%252Ce_colorize%253A0%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-video.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fvideo_upload%252Fuser%252F82454157%252Fdecb4f8c-2ed7-4730-81e3-62c2fa0a41bd%252Ftranscoded-00001.png/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY4MjI1fQ:1vDRea:KVBprKDsbZYUKjYxSmDpbjr-561W4U9OiUrtjtrGtJY" style="text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;border-radius: 12px;width: 400px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;max-height: 600px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="12">
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="width:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521X3xM%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FLucideHeart%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526fill%253Dnone%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY4Mzk5fQ:1vDRea:m9MbKJMQn1tfKJf_Y4uu62F6sTQ5gCea6JM7Fxq3orE" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
720
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521xO59%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FNoteReplyIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY4NTkwNX0:1vDRea:LCqiv0iSonhBe8E5XlKJMPTqEKRGvBXmLYPODzWObb0" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%25213dzv%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FNoteForwardIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY4NzU3N30:1vDRea:6RW2cN7lg2ojQTex91V6AaRkPf2O4MdEKxd8wI8_Fh8" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
14
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521CLXH%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FMoreIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526fill%253D%252523808080%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D4/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY4OTExNX0:1vDRea:pBtO9ToMePcGpdSeNyYTb8dlZnWYzOVYDeiPpZgvfzo" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<span>
Fashion writer
</span>
<strong>
<span class="mention-pnpTE1 mentionStatic-liMklk" data-component-name="MentionStatic" style="white-space: nowrap;cursor: pointer;color: #FF7731;border-radius: 4px;transition: color .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),background-color .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),box-shadow .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),border .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),opacity .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),filter .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),stroke .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),transform .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),scale .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),outline .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1);margin: 0 -.125em;padding: 0 .125em .0625em;text-decoration: none;">
<a style="color: #FF7731;text-decoration: none;-webkit-text-decoration: none;">
Viv Chen
</a>
</span>
</strong>
<span>
has seen roughly 30% of her total subscribers come directly from her notes. We took a closer look at what is driving this growth from the feed.
</span>
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
For Viv, it’s clear that steady, consistent posting has grown her audience even more than occasional virality. She often posts notes teasing ideas, asking for input, and pointing back to longform posts when they publish.
</p>
<div class="captioned-image-container-static" style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="image-wrapper" data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic" style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;" width="100%">
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<td style="text-align: center;">
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<td align="left" class="content" style="text-align: center;" width="1456">
<a class="image-link" rel="" style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;" target="_blank">
<img alt="" class="wide-image" data-attrs='{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a47d6490-38a5-4d90-a0a8-f34496561e2c_2549x1414.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":808,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":1989903,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://on.substack.com/i/177227854?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa47d6490-38a5-4d90-a0a8-f34496561e2c_2549x1414.png","isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}' height="305.2197802197802" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521TQus%2521%252Cw_1100%252Cc_limit%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fa47d6490-38a5-4d90-a0a8-f34496561e2c_2549x1414.png/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY5MDY4M30:1vDRea:GkLE1IYrfw-bWfMvirDndTF9d7Llkx7VQ2avRhAXkoc" style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;" width="550"/>
</a>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
Viv has a strong brand and visual identity associated with her Substack, but many, if not most, of her most successful notes are low-key, casual, and observational.
</p>
<a class="pencraft pc-display-block pc-padding-16 pc-reset border-detail-EGrm7T pc-borderRadius-md color-primary-zABazT note-flsrqQ" data-component-name="EmailCommentEmbed" style="text-decoration: none;list-style: none;border-radius: 12px;display: block;padding: 16px;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);background-color: rgb(255,255,255);margin: 10px auto;color: rgb(54,55,55);">
</a>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="width:100%;" width="auto">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<img class="custom-css-email-avatar avatar-QIQ5yR" height="48" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521L2Eu%2521%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F3ecb5378-3066-4f26-be84-98a29dbbfa0c_1657x1657.jpeg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY5MjMxNH0:1vDRea:gYOA42Qfz16ko3KoazVSxRqcaNiohtboAyK7UNCVzgQ" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 500000px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;width: 48px;height: 48px;min-width: 48px;min-height: 48px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px;display: inline" width="48"/>
</td>
<td style="min-width: 12px" width="12">
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="line-height:1;width:100%;" width="auto">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="pencraft pc-reset" style="text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;font-size: 15px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 400;">
<span class="pencraft pc-reset weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-weight: 600;">
Viv Chen
</span>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;">
1y
</span>
</div>
<div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;font-size: 15px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 400;">
toast, honey fig kefir, tomato, peach, chives. California is unreal
</div>
</div>
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<tr height="12">
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</td>
</tr>
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<img class="pencraft pc-width-400 pc-reset pc-borderRadius-md" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521MpXD%2521%252Cw_800%252Ch_800%252Cc_limit%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fa7c65b0c-c818-4b13-9cf3-2d0b15919a22_4032x3024.jpeg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY5MzkxNn0:1vDRea:pS61canPKbKzceEjNeZHTvwtUTUWxHmdMKNx74DzpNs" style="text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;border-radius: 12px;width: 400px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;max-height: 600px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px"/>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="width:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
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<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521X3xM%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FLucideHeart%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526fill%253Dnone%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY5NTUzOH0:1vDRea:nUPLh0wBLYe2yPS45rxSW7OX5EbiP4zQqq5BBz_Gz88" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
547
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521xO59%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FNoteReplyIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY5NzA3NX0:1vDRea:uIFf-pd-oJPBAhR84vGH5yVUUfE1Xw3e8DV7gFX92cw" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%25213dzv%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FNoteForwardIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTY5ODY0NH0:1vDRea:mv2R_Sd7DipHI_YWH8LxSk-XlLcK_ZOPrWxYcZqI2Nw" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
5
</span>
</td>
<td width="20%">
<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521CLXH%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FMoreIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526fill%253D%252523808080%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D4/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTcwMDIzNH0:1vDRea:-MoUDrLriWPFAc0bRsCfsqWJfCAauTKR9VVkoCN3XAA" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
</td>
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</tbody>
</table>
</td>
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</tbody>
</table>
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</table>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
Just as important, she’s not afraid to highlight others engaging with or celebrating her work. She also does the same for others.
</p>
<div class="captioned-image-container-static" style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="image-wrapper" data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic" style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;" width="100%">
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<td style="text-align: center;">
</td>
<td align="left" class="content" style="text-align: center;" width="1456">
<a class="image-link" rel="" style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;" target="_blank">
<img alt="" class="wide-image" data-attrs='{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4cd41fc8-2cf4-49b3-994d-fc73024f87e4_2552x1270.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":725,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":489429,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://on.substack.com/i/177227854?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cd41fc8-2cf4-49b3-994d-fc73024f87e4_2552x1270.png","isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}' height="273.86675824175825" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521tuZk%2521%252Cw_1100%252Cc_limit%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4cd41fc8-2cf4-49b3-994d-fc73024f87e4_2552x1270.png/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTcwMTc4N30:1vDRea:DdzEQbfhr45KXEKqY1pzO1bXz8GG8Dti2gloFo8cFy4" style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;" width="550"/>
</a>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
We’ve found that signal-boosting other publishers and joining the wider conversation are both linked to noticeable growth. Restacking and replying to people you genuinely admire—and sharing when they do the same for you—isn’t just good community behavior, it’s one of the most effective ways to grow.
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<span>
And if you already have audiences elsewhere, sharing your notes off-platform can build on that momentum. Publishers like
</span>
<strong>
<span class="mention-pnpTE1 mentionStatic-liMklk" data-component-name="MentionStatic" style="white-space: nowrap;cursor: pointer;color: #FF7731;border-radius: 4px;transition: color .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),background-color .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),box-shadow .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),border .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),opacity .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),filter .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),stroke .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),transform .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),scale .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),outline .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1);margin: 0 -.125em;padding: 0 .125em .0625em;text-decoration: none;">
<a style="color: #FF7731;text-decoration: none;-webkit-text-decoration: none;">
Justin Welsh
</a>
</span>
</strong>
<span>
, who shares notes to LinkedIn, and
</span>
<strong>
<span class="mention-pnpTE1 mentionStatic-liMklk" data-component-name="MentionStatic" style="white-space: nowrap;cursor: pointer;color: #FF7731;border-radius: 4px;transition: color .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),background-color .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),box-shadow .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),border .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),opacity .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),filter .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),stroke .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),transform .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),scale .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1),outline .25scubic-bezier(.19,1,.22,1);margin: 0 -.125em;padding: 0 .125em .0625em;text-decoration: none;">
<a style="color: #FF7731;text-decoration: none;-webkit-text-decoration: none;">
Anna Kai
</a>
</span>
</strong>
<span>
, who turns notes into carousel posts on Instagram, use other networks to spark curiosity that brings new subscribers to Substack.
</span>
</p>
<div class="captioned-image-container-static" style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="image-wrapper" data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic" style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;" width="100%">
<tbody>
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<td style="text-align: center;">
</td>
<td align="left" class="content" style="text-align: center;" width="1456">
<a class="image-link" rel="" style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;" target="_blank">
<img alt="" class="wide-image" data-attrs='{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1e747d6f-b400-4410-85a3-f86ea1ac2276_2544x1406.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":805,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":611289,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://on.substack.com/i/177227854?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e747d6f-b400-4410-85a3-f86ea1ac2276_2544x1406.png","isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}' height="304.08653846153845" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521CTUq%2521%252Cw_1100%252Cc_limit%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1e747d6f-b400-4410-85a3-f86ea1ac2276_2544x1406.png/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTcwMzUzfQ:1vDRea:cxdWJ42Szs0QZ9xHjURU2U75H2Y-bap78mSdb-krOuY" style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;" width="550"/>
</a>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<hr style="margin: 32px 0;padding: 0;height: 1px;background: #e1e1e1;border: none;"/>
</div>
<h3 class="header-anchor-post" style="position: relative;font-family: 'SF Pro Display',-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: bold;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;-webkit-appearance: optimizelegibility;-moz-appearance: optimizelegibility;appearance: optimizelegibility;margin: 1em 0 0.625em 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 1.16em;font-size: 1.375em;">
<strong>
Our top recommendations
</strong>
</h3>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
Here are our key takeaways to help publishers grow from Notes:
</p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0;padding: 0;">
<li style="margin: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 0;box-sizing: border-box;padding-left: 4px;font-size: 16px;margin: 0;">
<strong>
Reach beyond your existing audience.
</strong>
<span>
Each note is a chance to introduce your work to someone discovering you for the first time.
</span>
</p>
</li>
<li style="margin: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 0;box-sizing: border-box;padding-left: 4px;font-size: 16px;margin: 0;">
<strong>
Publish consistently.
</strong>
<span>
Showing up on a regular basis keeps your work visible and helps new audiences recognize your voice over time.
</span>
</p>
</li>
<li style="margin: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 0;box-sizing: border-box;padding-left: 4px;font-size: 16px;margin: 0;">
<strong>
Be clear about your value.
</strong>
<span>
Make it easy for people to understand who you are and what they’ll get by subscribing.
</span>
</p>
</li>
<li style="margin: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 0;box-sizing: border-box;padding-left: 4px;font-size: 16px;margin: 0;">
<strong>
Engage.
</strong>
<span>
Reply, restack, and endorse. Notes work best as a conversation.
</span>
</p>
</li>
<li style="margin: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 0;box-sizing: border-box;padding-left: 4px;font-size: 16px;margin: 0;">
<strong>
Cross-post with intention.
</strong>
<span>
Share your notes to other platforms to bring people back to Substack.
</span>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<hr style="margin: 32px 0;padding: 0;height: 1px;background: #e1e1e1;border: none;"/>
</div>
<h3 class="header-anchor-post" style="position: relative;font-family: 'SF Pro Display',-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: bold;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;-webkit-appearance: optimizelegibility;-moz-appearance: optimizelegibility;appearance: optimizelegibility;margin: 1em 0 0.625em 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 1.16em;font-size: 1.375em;">
<strong>
Demystifying the feed: Q&A with Substack’s head of machine learning
</strong>
</h3>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
The home feed is designed to connect Substack users with work they’ll love while helping publishers build their businesses. But what does that actually mean in ones and zeroes? We spoke with Mike Cohen, Substack’s head of machine learning, who has been involved since day one in shaping how the feed works. In a Q&A, Mike explained how the algorithm is built, what it’s optimized for, and how it continues to evolve as more publishers use Substack.
</p>
<div aria-label="Video player" class="video-player-with-background is-static video-player-wrapper" role="region" style="flex-grow: 1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin-top: 0.5em;">
<a class="video-player video-player-with-background" style="position: relative;display: block;width: 100%;cursor: pointer;background-color: rgb(0,0,0);height: auto;border-radius: 8px;padding-bottom: 0">
<img class="video-player-preview" data-component-name="VideoPlayer-PreviewImg" data-testid="video-player-static-preview-image" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521hx83%2521%252Cw_1100%252Ch_618%252Cc_fill%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fl_play_button_usfui2%252Cw_144%252Ce_colorize%253A0%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-video.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fvideo_upload%252Fpost%252F177227854%252F9f3cfbee-8aef-415e-af2c-489b3fa11f42%252Ftranscoded-00001.png/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTcwNTM1M30:1vDRea:Z9xrgPoCqKxv-YV5YYuxe7ngd3x0HhaZBAKpx4O6bLs" style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;width: 100%;max-height: 100%;background: black;cursor: pointer;position: relative;border-radius: 8px;" width="550"/>
</a>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<strong>
In very simple terms, how is our feed designed?
</strong>
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
We take a look at who you are as an individual opening the Substack app, where you are in the world, what language you speak, what things you’re subscribed to, who you follow, and what interests you’ve specified, among other things. We try to turn that into a numerical representation so that we can compare it to things that you might want to load in your feed.
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<strong>
How is that different from other platforms?
</strong>
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
[Other social feeds] are largely based around time spent. You scroll the feed, and the more time you spend, the more ads you see. Their objective is to decide what ads you’ll click and show them at the right time so you do. Then they hope you pay for whatever you clicked on.
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
For us, it’s basically the opposite. We don’t care if you are someone who only wants to do longform. If you’re interested in reading, that’s fantastic. If you like short-form text, that’s great too. We’ll keep showing you things you want to see and engage with, and if not, we’ll try something else. If you love video, we’ll show you more of that. Ultimately, there’s no prior belief about what’s good. It’s about what’s best for you, as long as you’re finding things you engage with and eventually subscribe and pay for.
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<strong>
How do you balance helping creators grow without optimizing for virality?
</strong>
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
It ultimately boils down to what the objective function of our feed is. The goal is to get people to discover, subscribe, and ideally pay. That’s how we built the feed and how we continue to iterate to make sure that we’re driving subscriptions up.
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
Tonight we saw some really good examples of writers extracting quotes from other things they’ve enjoyed or restacking. Those actions are great because they all happen on the Substack platform, which means we can understand the full life cycle of behavior and help intersect audiences. What we start with is an understanding of a user, who they follow and subscribe to. If we see overlaps between audiences of different publications, that becomes a virtuous cycle that feeds back into what other people who are similar might enjoy.
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<strong>
Are there any misconceptions about algorithmic feeds that you’d like to clear up?
</strong>
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
The word “algorithm” went south at some point, and I get it. It’s a bit of a bummer, because not all algorithms are intentionally bad. The idea behind it is good. We want to pair you with stuff that you like, and that doesn’t seem too bad. What can be bad is what you’re optimizing for. We’re optimizing for sign-ups and subscriptions. If you think that’s bad, then yes, that algorithm is bad. But if you don’t think that’s bad, then it can be good.
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<strong>
You’ve talked about making sure that the feed surfaces things people will find interesting. How do you ensure that people aren’t getting boxed in and only seeing a very specific kind of work?
</strong>
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
That’s a challenge we always have to be working on and checking. Every time we make a change or run an experiment, it’s a risk. We always have metrics we’re trying to improve and guardrail metrics to make sure we’re not regressing on things we care about. Breadth of content is something we check to make sure we’re not pigeonholing people forever.
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
We’ve made changes in the last couple of months to the core retrieval step of the algorithm to make sure that where you are in your reading or feed journey isn’t stagnant. If you’re on a poetry streak, we’ll keep giving you that, but not forever. We want to understand where you are in your flow. We’re trying to make the feed more dynamic and more alive.
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<strong>
Where do you see the feed going in the next year or two?
</strong>
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
We’re always trying new things, improving the core algorithms, and running experiments to understand behavior changes when we tweak something. We’ve improved the core retrieval, what content surfaces for you, and we’ll keep iterating to make sure what you’re seeing is the most relevant thing at all times. Basically, we’ll keep hammering until it’s perfect, [though that’s] not possible!
</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<em>
Interview edited for length and clarity.
</em>
</p>
<div style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<hr style="margin: 32px 0;padding: 0;height: 1px;background: #e1e1e1;border: none;"/>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">
<strong>
One last note:
</strong>
<span>
Post to the feed! You never know who you might find.
</span>
</p>
<a class="pencraft pc-display-block pc-padding-16 pc-reset border-detail-EGrm7T pc-borderRadius-md color-primary-zABazT note-flsrqQ" data-component-name="EmailCommentEmbed" style="text-decoration: none;list-style: none;border-radius: 12px;display: block;padding: 16px;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);background-color: rgb(255,255,255);margin: 10px auto;color: rgb(54,55,55);">
</a>
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<img class="custom-css-email-avatar avatar-QIQ5yR" height="48" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521dbxy%2521%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F6d25344b-2d01-420f-bac0-4d78994a7601_636x636.jpeg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTcwNzA3N30:1vDRea:UgsF0A_FRFej5cpOesvqe1TFDSDboOsITlefUqAr0yM" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 500000px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;width: 48px;height: 48px;min-width: 48px;min-height: 48px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px;display: inline" width="48"/>
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<div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;font-size: 15px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 400;">
<span class="pencraft pc-reset weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-weight: 600;">
nikhil
</span>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;">
24d
</span>
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substack is goofy sometimes but i found love because of it so it will always be special
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<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
18
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<img alt="" height="16" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521xO59%2521%252Cw_32%252Cc_scale%252Cf_png%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack.com%252Ficon%252FNoteReplyIcon%253Fv%253D4%2526height%253D32%2526stroke%253D%252523808080%2526strokeWidth%253D3/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTcxMDQ0OH0:1vDRea:qYQ8sKZ7TU7qZt5HQRHdxLOY1d4loaHyRnd3zwiamJ4" style="border: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle" width="16"/>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-12-mmZ61m weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 600;margin-left: 4px">
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</span>
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<img class="custom-css-email-avatar avatar-QIQ5yR" height="48" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fsubstackcdn.com%252Fimage%252Ffetch%252F%2524s_%2521J-0l%2521%252Cf_auto%252Cq_auto%253Agood%252Cfl_progressive%253Asteep%252Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1c76bdd8-f8b7-4c0e-bae5-b133b1327ecf_526x526.jpeg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdWJzdGFja2NkbiIsInRpbWUiOjE3NjE1ODg1NTIuMTcxNTI0M30:1vDRea:5ZFnE5il7gPKHkE03WZFh8KHnvl9eIO1SRKrqi1A-Us" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 500000px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;width: 48px;height: 48px;min-width: 48px;min-height: 48px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px;display: inline" width="48"/>
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<div class="pencraft pc-reset" style="text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;font-size: 15px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 400;">
<span class="pencraft pc-reset weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;font-weight: 600;">
Gabe
</span>
<span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s reset-IxiVJZ" style="list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;">
1mo
</span>
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sometimes your train is long so you do shaky dog studies
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129
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2
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lorraine
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17d
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this is daisy!!! i’m friends with her owner!!! i would love to share this with him the next time i see them, here’s her as a lil pup :-)
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1
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1 day, 3 hours ago - on+resources@substack.com
Why Substack has a feed, how to use it, and what we have learned from those who are building it.͏...