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   Climate: What the cyclospora outbreak reveals
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              A microscopic view of cyclospora parasite eggs, stained reddish pink, in a lab sample.
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              Melanie Moser/CDC, via Associated Press
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        <h1 style="color:#000;font:400 30px/37.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 12px">
         <span>
          The big red flag in the cyclospora outbreak
         </span>
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             <p style="font:13px/18px arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.2px;color:#000;font:600 13px/18px arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:3px">
              By
              <a class="css-nanfcg" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;color:inherit">
               Claire Brown
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The United States is going through the largest cyclosporiasis outbreak on record. Thousands of people, mostly in the Midwest, have fallen sick with stomach cramps and severe diarrhea. The authorities have linked the food-borne illnesses to lettuce grown in Mexico and served at some Taco Bell locations.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          My colleagues on the Well team have been covering
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          the race to trace the source of the outbreak
         </a>
         <span>
          , and it took a twist this week.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          On Saturday, the Food and Drug Administration announced that lab tests had confirmed cyclospora contamination in iceberg lettuce from Mexico. The company that runs the operation, Taylor Farms, issued a recall based on other epidemiological evidence and then expanded it after the lab test came in. But then, on Sunday, the F.D.A. said the test had been a false positive. Taylor Farms is
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          still a focus of the investigation
         </a>
         <span>
          , and the recall remains in effect.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          It’s still not clear whether climate change played a role in the current outbreak. Cyclospora is a parasite that
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          spreads through human feces
         </a>
         <span>
          , and it’s rare for investigators to pinpoint a precise source of contamination.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          But experts say it’s plausible that warming could contribute to an increase in cyclospora illnesses. Don Schaffner, a food microbiologist at Rutgers University, told me that cyclospora tends to grow in the spring and summer, so higher temperatures could extend its season. In previous cyclospora outbreaks,
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          investigators have theorized
         </a>
         <span>
          that heavy rainfall might have somehow caused human waste to seep into irrigation water, contaminating crops.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Whether or not this outbreak was directly linked to climate change, we know that warming is expected to fuel the spread of a wide variety of food-borne pathogens. And the current episode has exposed potential vulnerabilities in public health detection systems at a time when the need for accurate monitoring of the food supply is only growing more important.
         </span>
        </p>
        <h3 style="color:#000;font:400 20px/27.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          Higher temperatures, more illness
         </span>
        </h3>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          According to the World Health Organization, some 600 million people get sick each year from eating food that has been contaminated with bacteria, parasites or viruses. Scientists have predicted that
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          climate change will drive caseloads higher
         </a>
         <span>
          in many parts of the world.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Higher temperatures and more rain tend to correlate with increases in illnesses from pathogens like salmonella and campylobacter. That’s the case in part because germs can multiply faster in hotter weather. Salmonella, for example, is happiest when the temperature is in the 90s Fahrenheit, when it can grow quickly in animals or on food. A 2014 study found that, in Mississippi, a
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          temperature increase of 1 degree Fahrenheit
         </a>
         <span>
          was associated with an increase in salmonella cases.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Warming oceans pose an emerging food safety risk, too. A 2024 paper found that
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          climate change is “undeniably” contributing
         </a>
         <span>
          to the spread and prevalence of a family of bacteria known as Vibrio, the most infamous of which is the flesh-eating bacteria Vibrio vulnificus. People can get Vibrio infections from eating raw seafood or swimming in contaminated water.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Dry summers and heavy rainfall can each also increase pathogen spread. During droughts, more dust can float through the air, spreading bacteria across farms. On the other hand, torrential rain can distribute germs by spreading human and animal waste from one place to another. Tropical storms, which can be intensified by climate change, are associated with
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          big spikes in E. coli infections
         </a>
         <span>
          .
         </span>
        </p>
        <h3 style="color:#000;font:400 20px/27.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          The ‘big concern’ for public health
         </span>
        </h3>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          It’s
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          exceedingly uncommon for the F.D.A. to retract an announcement
         </a>
         <span>
          of a positive lab test. Dr. Schaffner said the agency may have made the statement too early, before it completed confirmation testing.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          “Now they’ve got egg on their face, and nobody’s happy,” he said. The F.D.A. did not respond to a request for comment.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The back-and-forth has been confusing for people trying to understand which foods to avoid. The retraction didn’t mean the focus of the investigation had shifted away from Taylor Farms or lettuce, but the company
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          issued a statement saying
         </a>
         <span>
          “F.D.A. apologized to us.” The agency
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          said it had not apologized
         </a>
         <span>
          , according to news reports.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          “The big concern I have about the flip-flop is also the impact it has on trust,” Dr. Susan Mayne of the Yale School of Public Health
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          told my colleagues
         </a>
         <span>
          . “Changing such an important determination certainly raises questions,” she added.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Federal cuts to health funding
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          may be playing a role
         </a>
         <span>
          in hampering the response to this outbreak. State and local health departments, which rely on federal support to monitor and respond to food-borne illnesses, received less than half the money they requested this year.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Until recently, several states were required to track and report cyclospora cases to a national database. But last year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention made this voluntary. Incomplete data may have made it harder for officials monitoring the database to identify the outbreak.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          “It certainly doesn’t strengthen our ability to do anything about cyclospora,” Dr. Schaffner said.
         </span>
        </p>
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        </h2>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          This fall, on Wednesday, Sept. 23, we’ll be hosting
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          our annual Climate Forward event
         </a>
         <span>
          , bringing together world leaders, policymakers, executives and activists for a full day of live journalism.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          We’ve got another exceptional lineup this year, including
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          Gerard Barron
         </span>
         <span>
          , chief executive of
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          The Metals Company
         </span>
         <span>
          ;
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          Katharine Hayhoe
         </span>
         <span>
          , chief scientist at
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          The Nature Conservancy
         </span>
         <span>
          ; the
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          comedian and writer
         </span>
         <span>
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          Nicole Conlan
         </span>
         <span>
          ; and the
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          Indigenous chef
         </span>
         <span>
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700">
          Pyet DeSpain
         </span>
         <span>
          .
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          We’re still adding guests, but you can
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          check out full the lineup
         </a>
         <span>
          so far.
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          Tickets are on sale now
         </a>
         <span>
          . If you can’t attend in person, we’ll have a free livestream.
         </span>
        </p>
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        </table>
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            <img alt="Two women in the water, wearing masks and snorkels, handing cans, bottles and other trash to a third woman in a kayak." class="css-18ei5jy" height="333" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F07%252F18%252Fmultimedia%252F21cli-newsletter-cyclospora-02%252F18cli-old-ladies-trash-print-01-bhqj-jumbo.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3ODQ2NjQ5NDUuMzUxNjc4MX0:1wmGsT:ZQFF2UKvXBPsQ1Pc6vUyAYNir6KTnWvyvz910_YT3rM" style="display:inline-block;width:83%;max-width:500px;height:auto;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:8px" width="500"/>
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            <span class="css-14cus5q" style="display:inline-block;width:83%;max-width:500px;text-align:left">
             <span style="color:#666;font:normal 14px georgia,serif">
              Retirees on Cape Cod estimate that they’ve removed 6,000 pounds of trash from local ponds. “It’s the best feeling,” one said.
             </span>
             <span style="margin:0;font:11px/11px georgia,serif;color:#888;letter-spacing:.01em">
              Billy Hickey for The New York Times
             </span>
            </span>
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         </tbody>
        </table>
        <h2 style="color:#000;font:400 25px/32.5px georgia,serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          They’re diving for trash. Literally.
         </span>
        </h2>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The Old Ladies Against Underwater Garbage was started in 2018 by a retired psychologist who lives on Cape Cod, Mass. The group cleans about 20 ponds a year on the Cape. To date, the women estimate they’ve hauled out about 6,000 pounds of trash.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Members have to be at least 64, and they say the group has reshaped their lives. They’ve grown stronger, because they’ve had to, in order to haul up heavy refuse from the bottom and heave it onto kayaks. And they’ve forged new friendships after relocating or retiring, after becoming widowed or divorced, after losing cancer-ridden breasts.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          We joined them for a recent outing on Lovells Pond in Barnstable. The trash never stood a chance. —
         </span>
         <span style="font-style:italic">
          Cara Buckley
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-weight:700">
          Read more
         </a>
         <span>
          .
         </span>
        </p>
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            <h2 class="css-hjhb8p" style="letter-spacing:.4px;font:700 17px/25px arial,sans-serif;color:#000;margin:0;padding:0">
             OTHER CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT NEWS
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                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
                 <img alt="A worker puts a part onto a dishwasher in a factory." class="css-7y77sk" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F07%252F21%252Fclimate%252F21cli-efficiency-01%252F21cli-efficiency-01-square640.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3ODQ2NjQ5NDUuMzUxNzkwMn0:1wmGsT:QEaM5vnq9RLOX8hIhi0U76HYsOXz0kNBNPnPaY3bpdY" style="width:291px;box-sizing:border-box;vertical-align:top" width="291"/>
                 <p style="color:#888;font:11px/17px georgia,serif;margin:2px 0 0;text-align:right">
                  Michael Hickey/Getty Images
                 </p>
                </a>
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                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
                 <h3 style="color:#000;margin:0;padding:0 0 5px;font:700 20px/25px georgia,serif">
                  The U.S. Is Pulling Back on Energy Efficiency Just as Prices Are Rising
                 </h3>
                 <p class="css-1bi319l" style="color:#333;font:17px/22.5px georgia,serif;margin:0;margin-bottom:10px">
                  The Trump administration is undoing fuel-saving efforts even as war in Iran, data centers and heat waves are pushing up gasoline and electricity costs.
                 </p>
                 <p style="color:#000;font:600 13px/18px arial,sans-serif;margin:0;letter-spacing:.2px">
                  By Brad Plumer
                 </p>
                </a>
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           <td class="css-11kh5w9" style="padding:0;padding-bottom:25px;border-top:1px solid #dcdcdc;padding-top:20px">
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               <td class="css-5i4540" style="display:inline-block;width:291px;max-width:291px;vertical-align:top">
                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
                 <img alt="Aerial view of a patch of arid land with rows of tanks and a tall pipe emitting a large flame." class="css-7y77sk" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F07%252F20%252Fmultimedia%252F20CLI-CLEAN-GAS-qwlh%252F20CLI-CLEAN-GAS-qwlh-square640.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3ODQ2NjQ5NDUuMzUxODk4N30:1wmGsT:FCA8K8XtfJwmEB3jtiusFJv5TlcIfkcVrNu9BQm0kec" style="width:291px;box-sizing:border-box;vertical-align:top" width="291"/>
                 <p style="color:#888;font:11px/17px georgia,serif;margin:2px 0 0;text-align:right">
                  Paul Ratje for The New York Times
                 </p>
                </a>
               </td>
               <td class="css-r8caib" style="min-width:291px;width:100%;vertical-align:top;box-sizing:border-box;padding-left:15px">
                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
                 <h3 style="color:#000;margin:0;padding:0 0 5px;font:700 20px/25px georgia,serif">
                  Oil Firms Knew for Decades of Methane’s Danger to Planet, Documents Suggest
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                  The companies knew they were releasing more of the greenhouse gas than they publicly reported, according to industry files cited by the Center for Climate Integrity, an activist organization.
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                 <p style="color:#000;font:600 13px/18px arial,sans-serif;margin:0;letter-spacing:.2px">
                  By Hiroko Tabuchi
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                </a>
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                 <img alt="Cameron Hamilton sits behind a mic and a sign with his name on it." class="css-7y77sk" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F07%252F06%252Fmultimedia%252F06cli-hamilton-03-pklb%252F06cli-hamilton-03-pklb-square640.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3ODQ2NjQ5NDUuMzUyMDV9:1wmGsT:JcpmpNMUzXlNltErpvxGNSgNPHf3AZQsdQoyMvyoSnE" style="width:291px;box-sizing:border-box;vertical-align:top" width="291"/>
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                  Andrew Harnik/Getty Images
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                  He Got Fired From FEMA. His Return Could Mark a New Era for Disasters.
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                  Cameron Hamilton defended the agency last year when President Trump talked about eliminating it. Emergency managers hope for more stability if he’s confirmed as administrator.
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                  By Scott Dance
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                <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="-webkit-text-decoration:underline;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:block">
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                  The New York Times
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                  David Coleman/Alamy
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                  Trump Attacks Nation’s Top Scientific Body Over Climate Chapter in Manual
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                  The president joined Republican officials who slammed the National Academies of Sciences for a chapter about climate science in an educational guide for judges.
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