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   DealBook: Warsh’s next test
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   Also, venture capital’s lead investor problem.
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             August 7, 2026
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          Good morning. Andrew here.
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         <span>
          Here’s an unusual conundrum facing Silicon Valley: With start-up valuations sky high, venture capital funds are running out of capital to lead fund-raising rounds. Sri Muppidi goes behind the scenes of the latest rescrubbing of the financing game. More below. (Was this newsletter forwarded to you?
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          Sign up here.
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          )
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             <span style="color:#666;font:normal 14px georgia,serif">
              Today’s jobs report will be closely scrutinized by investors and Kevin Warsh, the Fed chairman.
             </span>
             <span style="margin:0;font:11px/11px georgia,serif;color:#888;letter-spacing:.01em">
              Anna Rose Layden for The New York Times
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        <h2 class="css-10nzuqq" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          Another jobs showdown
         </span>
        </h2>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Stocks are trading just below recent highs, but investors are still on edge about the Fed.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The central bank’s next move on interest rates will become clearer after this morning’s jobs report, due at 8:30 a.m. Eastern.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Weak data from the Labor Department could buy the Fed and its chairman,
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Kevin Warsh
         </span>
         <span>
          , more time to stay on hold. But a hot number — especially if next week’s Consumer Price Index report is disappointingly high — could force the Fed to raise borrowing costs to combat persistently high inflation.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          What to watch for:
         </span>
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              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Economists polled by FactSet forecast that employers
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                added 100,000 new jobs last month
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                , up from 57,000 in June.
               </span>
              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                The unemployment rate is expected to remain at 4.2 percent, per FactSet.
               </span>
              </li>
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               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Workers’ hourly earnings, a big focus for inflation hawks, are expected to have climbed 0.3 percent month over month.
               </span>
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         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Wall Street is divided about this morning’s report.
         </span>
         <span>
          A Reuters poll of economists
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          sees 80,000 new jobs
         </a>
         <span>
          in July. But Adam Schickling, a senior economist at Vanguard, forecasts just 18,000 new hires, with “significant” downward revisions to previous months’ reports.
         </span>
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               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                One potential wrinkle: A World Cup hiring spree never materialized, which may signal weakness in the leisure and hospitality industry.
               </span>
              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                New data from the New York Fed shows
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                a lousy job market
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                for recent university graduates.
               </span>
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Watch the bond markets.
         </span>
         <span>
          Bond holders
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          drove up the yields
         </a>
         <span>
          on long-dated Treasury notes and bonds last week after Warsh’s news conference, worried that the Fed wasn’t sufficiently tackling inflation.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          What is the Fed’s view on rates? Lisa Cook
         </span>
         <span>
          , a Fed governor, and
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Neel Kashkari
         </span>
         <span>
          , the Minneapolis Fed president,
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
         </span>
         <span>
          both laid out cases this week for
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          why the central bank
         </a>
         <span>
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          should raise borrowing costs
         </a>
         <span>
          to tamp down inflation.
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Alberto Musalem
         </span>
         <span>
          , the St. Louis Fed president and a nonvoting member this year, said yesterday that the Fed was already
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          late in raising rates
         </a>
         <span>
          .
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          A rate hike would most likely rankle President Trump, who has repeatedly pressured the Fed to cut rates.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          “A steady labor market and sticky inflation support our call for three hikes this year,” economists and analysts at Bank of America wrote to investors yesterday.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Warsh may be more hawkish on rates than many expect,
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          The Financial Times reports
         </a>
         <span>
          , citing unnamed sources familiar with his thinking. He could support raising borrowing costs as soon as next month depending on the latest economic data and the market reaction to it.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The futures market this morning sees a 55 percent chance that the Fed will raise rates in September at its next meeting. (The odds implied by bets on Kalshi
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          are evenly split
         </a>
         <span>
          .)
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Follow The Times’s coverage of today’s report
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          here
         </a>
         <span>
          .
         </span>
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           <h3 style="color:#000;font:700 17px/25px arial,sans-serif;margin:5px 0 30px 0;letter-spacing:.2px">
            <span>
             HERE’S WHAT’S HAPPENING
            </span>
           </h3>
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        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          A New Mexico judge orders Meta to pay $567 million.
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          Yesterday’s ruling
         </a>
         <span>
          comes on top of a $375 million award from the jury, which found the tech giant liable of designing products that enable harm of minors. (The judge also required Meta to change how children access its platforms.) It is the latest setback for the company, which is battling a series of state lawsuits.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Google’s debt binge continues.
         </span>
         <span>
          Alphabet received
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          roughly $115 billion worth of orders
         </a>
         <span>
          for its latest bond sale, more than four times what it was seeking, Bloomberg reports, citing unnamed sources. (Last month, investors
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          punished the tech giant
         </a>
         <span>
          for its artificial intelligence spending plans.) Elsewhere, SK Hynix, the South Korean memory chipmaker, is set to
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          spend $38 billion
         </a>
         <span>
          to expand production amid robust demand.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Washington’s yen intervention reportedly blindsides the European Central Bank.
         </span>
         <span>
          The Treasury Department’s unusual move last week to prop up Japan’s currency involved selling euros, a transaction that the E.C.B.
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          learned about only after the fact
         </a>
         <span>
          , The Financial Times reports, citing unnamed sources. Some E.C.B. officials see the lack of coordination as a breach of longstanding conventions, potentially adding to European tensions with the Trump administration.
         </span>
        </p>
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         <tbody>
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        <h2 class="css-10nzuqq" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          Big A.I. deals cause headaches for V.C.s
         </span>
        </h2>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          The scale and unrelenting pace of the artificial intelligence boom are
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          driving markets
         </a>
         <span>
          and reshaping the global economy.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          That growth has created an unexpected new challenge for venture capitalists and start-ups, Sri Muppidi reports.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          The problem?
         </span>
         <span>
          V.C.s tell DealBook that the average fund-raising round is getting so big — even at the earliest stages — that it’s becoming hard to get a firm to step forward as the leader and write the biggest check for new funding events.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          “Seed rounds are now billion-dollar rounds as well,” said
         </span>
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Gayatri Sarkar
         </span>
         <span>
          , the founder and C.E.O. of Advaita Capital, a growth-stage venture fund.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Average deal size has soared in 2026.
         </span>
         <span>
          Through the end of June, there have been 7,541 fund-raising deals completed for a total value of $412.7 billion, according to PitchBook. That compares to $319.2 billion in all of 2025 across 15,762 deals.
         </span>
        </p>
        <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%">
         <tbody>
          <tr>
           <td style="text-align:center">
            <img alt="A bar chart shows the annual number of U.S. venture capital deals, dating back to 2016." class="css-mcckse" height="531" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F08%252F07%252Fbusiness%252F07DB-chart%252F07DB-chart--jumbo.png/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3ODYxMDA1MjAuNDc2Nzk0N30:1wsIKu:8OaeKE6UadDlpM5vJvsjNNQv_b21jzNdC6FbYMm1EDc" style="display:inline-block;width:83%;max-width:500px;height:auto;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:20px" width="500"/>
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          </tr>
         </tbody>
        </table>
        <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%">
         <tbody>
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           <td style="text-align:center">
            <img alt="A bar chart shows the total value for U.S. venture capital deals, dating back to 2016." class="css-mcckse" height="531" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F08%252F07%252Fbusiness%252F07DB-2%252F07DB-2-jumbo.png/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3ODYxMDA1MjAuNDc2OTN9:1wsIKu:88caxh2SFZbOKFoEXPi9vqAN83OIgos63EvtlkC8xn8" style="display:inline-block;width:83%;max-width:500px;height:auto;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:20px" width="500"/>
           </td>
          </tr>
         </tbody>
        </table>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Step back:
         </span>
         <span>
          Typically, multiple investment firms back a start-up that’s raising money, with one lead investor usually setting the terms of the deal, such as the company’s new valuation. Other venture firms contribute smaller checks to fill out the round.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          But with A.I. start-ups raising huge sums out of the gate, there are only so many firms that can dole out hundreds of millions of dollars to lead a round. (V.C. firms can also co-lead rounds.)
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          One example:
         </span>
         <span>
          Volta, an A.I. cloud start-up founded just seven months ago, raised $300 million this week in early-stage funding at a
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          $2.4 billion valuation
         </a>
         <span>
          . The round was led by the Silicon Valley heavyweights Azora, Andreessen Horowitz, Altimeter Capital and Nvidia.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Early-stage venture funds may only manage funds in the hundreds of millions — sometimes less than the size of a single A.I. start-up’s fund-raising round.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          What to watch:
         </span>
         <span>
          Will the number of V.C. firms able to lead major funding rounds continue to shrink? Some V.C.s believe so. There could also be more “lead-less” funding rounds.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          And if you’re not the hottest start-up in Silicon Valley, V.C.s say, it may take longer to rally investors and raise the capital you need.
         </span>
        </p>
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        <p style="color:#000;font:700 12px/15px arial,sans-serif;padding-bottom:2px;letter-spacing:.8px;margin:0">
         QUOTE OF THE DAY
        </p>
        <h2 class="css-10nzuqq" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          “It began as satire. Then the submissions started arriving.”
         </span>
        </h2>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Madi Walser
         </span>
         <span>
          , a comedian and entrepreneur, on a website she created advertising artists who were willing to stay in empty New York City vacation homes, one of many proposals that have emerged to
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          help owners avoid a new pied-à-terre tax
         </a>
         <span>
          . (Walser’s site drew enough interest from homeowners that she’s now looking to hire lawyers.)
         </span>
        </p>
        <table width="100%">
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           <td class="css-36ugzx" style="padding-bottom:15px">
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        </table>
        <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%">
         <tbody>
          <tr>
           <td style="text-align:center">
            <img alt="Two humanoid robots wearing gloves and pads stand in a boxing ring while people watch them spar." class="css-18ei5jy" height="333" src="https://inboxflows.com/_/image/https%253A%252F%252Fstatic01.nyt.com%252Fimages%252F2026%252F08%252F07%252Fmultimedia%252F07db-unitree-kbvq%252F07db-unitree-kbvq-jumbo.jpg/?inbox_flows_img_sig=eyJwYXRoIjoiaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZzdGF0aWMwMS5ueSIsInRpbWUiOjE3ODYxMDA1MjAuNDc3NTQyfQ:1wsIKu:WS64iAs0B7IQrXw-LPvTkNkV7fQDjigZFnbqSv1R8wM" style="display:inline-block;width:83%;max-width:500px;height:auto;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:8px" width="500"/>
           </td>
          </tr>
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           <td class="css-1b9cqt1" style="text-align:center;width:100%;padding-bottom:15px;line-height:14px">
            <span class="css-14cus5q" style="display:inline-block;width:83%;max-width:500px;text-align:left">
             <span style="color:#666;font:normal 14px georgia,serif">
              Robots made by Unitree Robotics squaring off at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai in July.
             </span>
             <span style="margin:0;font:11px/11px georgia,serif;color:#888;letter-spacing:.01em">
              Hector Retamal/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
             </span>
            </span>
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          </tr>
         </tbody>
        </table>
        <h2 class="css-10nzuqq" style="color:#000;font:700 25px/32px arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 10px">
         <span>
          Chinese robots are having an I.P.O. moment
         </span>
        </h2>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          If you spend time scrolling social media, you’ve most likely seen human-looking robots moving dexterously. Many of those robots, known as humanoids, are the product of Unitree Robotics, a Chinese company.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          On Monday, Unitree is set to debut on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. It’s seeking to raise about $900 million in a public offering that would value the company at roughly $9 billion. The humanoid robot industry is seen as a critical technology by investors and governments alike,
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          Steve Lohr and Xinyun Wu of The Times report
         </a>
         <span>
          :
         </span>
        </p>
        <p class="css-14jlz04" style="font:17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 50px 15px;color:#666">
         <span>
          Today’s A.I. systems, like chatbots, learn primarily from analyzing vast quantities of digital data culled from the internet and elsewhere. But humanoid robots will increasingly learn by interacting with people and objects in the physical world.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p class="css-14jlz04" style="font:17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 50px 15px;color:#666">
         <span>
          That emerging field is known as “embodied A.I.” or “physical A.I.” Self-driving cars are one application, but humanoid robots are expected to operate in more varied and unpredictable environments — from factories and warehouses to stores and, eventually, homes.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p class="css-14jlz04" style="font:17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 50px 15px;color:#666">
         <span>
          For technology companies, humanoids represent an emerging market for chips and software. Jensen Huang, the chief executive of the American chip giant Nvidia, has declared physical A.I. as the “next frontier” for artificial intelligence.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:20px 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          Unitree’s offering will serve as an early litmus test of the market’s interest in the technology
         </span>
         <span>
          . While the near-term commercial application of humanoids is still small, the tech’s long-term potential is huge: A Morgan Stanley
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          report
         </a>
         <span>
          estimates that the market could exceed $5 trillion by 2050 and that as many as one billion models could operate worldwide.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          The national security stakes are high.
         </span>
         <span>
          Last month, the Federal Communications Commission announced a U.S. ban on humanoid and quadruped robots from China.
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span>
          Security officials are concerned that the robots, if deployed in commercial and residential settings, could collect sensitive data. The ban drew a
         </span>
         <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline">
          threat of retaliation from China
         </a>
         <span>
          .
         </span>
        </p>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
          China is still powering ahead,
         </span>
         <span>
          Lohr and Wu write:
         </span>
        </p>
        <p class="css-14jlz04" style="font:17px/25px georgia,serif;margin:0 50px 15px;color:#666">
         <span>
          Chinese manufacturers shipped roughly 18,500 humanoid robots in the first half of this year, compared with about 4,000 by U.S. companies, according to Omdia. Unitree’s products range from less than $5,000 to more than $150,000, spanning industrial, educational and consumer markets.
         </span>
        </p>
        <table width="100%">
         <tbody>
          <tr>
           <td class="css-36ugzx" style="padding-bottom:15px">
           </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
           <td style="border-top:1px solid #dcdcdc;padding-bottom:15px">
           </td>
          </tr>
         </tbody>
        </table>
        <p style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;color:#333;margin:0 0 15px">
         <span style="font-style:italic">
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            <span>
             THE SPEED READ
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          Deals
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              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Jane Street, the secretive trading firm, is reportedly in talks to
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                refinance its $11 billion in debt
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                with a small group of private credit investors. (FT)
               </span>
              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Apollo Global Management clinched a
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                deal to buy EasyJet
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                , the low-cost European airline, for 5.7 billion pounds ($7.7 billion), beating out the investment firm Castlelake. (Bloomberg)
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              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Top FIFA executives were
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                given just hours
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                to approve a plan to sell a stake in the soccer governing body to outside investors. (NYT)
               </span>
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          Politics, policy and regulation
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               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle;font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
                President Trump
               </span>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                imposed a 15 percent tariff on
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                products made with polysilicon
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                , a critical component in semiconductors and solar panels, and a minimum import price. (NYT)
               </span>
              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Congress may hand Trump
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               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                more authority to impose levies
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                on some big trading partners, without the legal limits of current tariff tools. (Axios)
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              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                A bipartisan ethics proposal that may be added to a big crypto bill could reportedly give Trump a
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               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                huge tax benefit for his crypto holdings
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                . (Bloomberg)
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          Best of the rest
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               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                For the first time, scientists used artificial intelligence to
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                create entirely new viruses
               </a>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                . (NYT)
               </span>
              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Google’s shake-up of its A.I. leadership
               </span>
               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                has boosted the influence
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               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                of
               </span>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle;font-weight:700;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#000">
                Sergey Brin
               </span>
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                , a founder of the tech giant who’s now focused on helping the company catch up to rivals. (FT)
               </span>
              </li>
              <li style="margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:27.5px">
               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                “Young Men Who Trade Stocks Daily
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               <a class="css-sdwaa1" style="color:#286ed0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                Feel Like Failures
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               <span style="font:normal 17px/25px georgia,serif;vertical-align:middle">
                ” (Bloomberg)
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          Correction: Yesterday’s newsletter misstated the amount invested in special purpose vehicles on Sydecar’s platform in 2022. It was $100 million, not $100 billion.
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